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In areas with high predation risk, some prey seek refuge in anthropogenic areas that their predators avoid. Abrahms et al. show that this 'human shield effect' is also utilized by predators, such as the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) that seeks refuge from lions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2025.07.011 | DOI Listing |
MAGMA
September 2025
Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Introduction: This study explores high-impedance surface (HIS) metamaterial shields for enhancing the transmit field in whole-body MRI at 7 T. We studied the possibility of placing a metamaterial layer between the gradient coil and bore liner using electromagnetic simulations to evaluate B and SAR efficiency across different impedances.
Materials And Methods: Simulations were performed in three stages, first metamaterial design and characterization, then single-element dipole simulations with a homogenous phantom, and finally, simulations including a four-element arrays with a virtual body model, including the whole scanner geometry.
J Am Coll Cardiol
September 2025
Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City's Healthcare Institute for Innovations in Quality, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
Background: Clinical trials typically report average health status outcomes by treatment at single points in time, as opposed to participants' trajectories (or journeys) over time. Although ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) demonstrated better mean health status at discrete times with an invasive treatment among those with baseline angina, the patterns of individual participants' angina over time are unknown.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of individual participants' angina over time after invasive or conservative management strategies for chronic coronary disease.
Nanoscale
September 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore.
Electromagnetic pollution poses significant risks to electronic devices and human health, highlighting the need for mechanically robust, lightweight, and cost-effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. 3D-printed structures with nanomaterial-engineered surfaces offer a promising method for tailoring mechanical and electrical properties through multiscale design. Herein, we present a facile strategy for fabricating lightweight and flexible EMI shielding structures by chemical deposition of nanostructured metal coatings onto 3D-printed polymeric substrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
September 2025
Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
Although phasic alertness generally benefits cognitive performance, it often increases the impact of distracting information, resulting in impaired decision-making and cognitive control. However, it is unclear why phasic alertness has these negative effects. Here, we present a novel, biologically-informed account, according to which phasic alertness generates a transient, evidence-independent input to the decision process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAerosp Med Hum Perform
September 2025
Introduction: Pilots have an increased incidence of cutaneous melanoma compared to the general population; occupational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of several potential risk factors. Cockpit windshields effectively block UVB (280-315 nm) but further analysis is needed for UVA (315-400 nm). The objective of this observational study was to assess transmission of UVA through cockpit windshields and to measure doses of UVA at pilots' skin under daytime flying conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF