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Article Abstract
Purpose: To provide a conceptual understanding of the continuous and discrete wavelet transforms (CWT, DWT) for clinical electroretinography (ERG) analysis, and how these methods uncover time-frequency features that complement traditional time-domain analysis.
Methods: A technical overview without the use of mathematical formula describing the basics of CWT and DWT and implementation considerations. We also review an example of four standard ISCEV ERG recordings from a healthy male (between 30-34 years of age) and a male (between 15-19 years of age) with complete congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB).
Results: Wavelet analysis uncovered time-frequency signatures absent in raw traces. In light-adapted flicker, the normal ERG showed a ~30 Hz response with harmonics up to 90 Hz, whereas CSNB was largely attenuated. For LA 3 and dark-adapted flashes, normal CWTs concentrated energy < 100 Hz between 0.04-0.08 s, while CSNB demonstrated lowered or almost absent energy profiles in comparison. DWT indices exhibited a similar pattern, with normal recordings demonstrating high energy responses early in the 7, 15, and 29 Hz frequency bands, while CSNB registered markedly lower values.
Conclusions: CWT and DWT provide complementary and objective insight into ERG responses. Open-source MATLAB toolkit and step-by-step tutorial provided herein lower technical barriers and enable use by the broader community.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330432 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.25.25331915 | DOI Listing |
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