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In the modern era, flexible electronics have emerged in every sector, making our lives easier. With the progress of research, there is a strong need for flexible electronics developed from sustainable sources to minimize the carbon footprint. Accordingly, natural rubber (NR) and its derivatives have been explored for flexible electronic applications. This review examines the potential of NR-based flexible electronics, focusing on various types of flexible sensors, self-powered systems, and different energy harvesting devices. To develop high-performing, NR-based flexible electronics, selecting suitable materials, proper fabrication techniques, structural design, and sensing mechanisms is required. All the possible chemical modifications and the incorporation of various functional fillers to enhance NR's electrical and delve into mechanical properties regardless of the application. Gradually, on various flexible sensors in detail, emphasizing their operating mechanisms are focused. The review also covers next-generation self-powered sensors and energy harvesters, which harness ambient energy sources such as motion, light, heat, and moisture to power electronic devices. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art developments in NR-based flexible sensors and energy harvesters. The review concludes with a summary of the challenges and opportunities associated with NR-based flexible electronics, offering insights into future research direction and plausible commercial applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202506264 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
Many soft, tough materials have emerged in recent years, paving the way for advances in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and flexible displays. However, understanding the interfacial fracture behavior of these materials remains a significant challenge, owing to the difficulty of quantifying the respective contributions from viscoelasticity and damage to energy dissipation ahead of cracks. This work aims to address this challenge by labeling a series of polymer networks with fluorogenic mechanophores, subjecting them to T-peel tests at various rates and temperatures, and quantifying their force-induced damage using a confocal microscope.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomicro Lett
September 2025
Nanomaterials & System Lab, Major of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and robotic applications. Nevertheless, it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility, adhesion, self-healing, and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics. Herein, we report a multifunctional, anti-freezing, self-adhesive, and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CoN CNT) embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin (PVA/GLE) matrix.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
September 2025
School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Perovskite materials have revolutionized optoelectronics by virtue of their tunable bandgaps, exceptional optoelectronic properties, and structural flexibility. Notably, the state-of-the-art performance of perovskite solar cells has reached 27%, making perovskite materials a promising candidate for next-generation photovoltaic technology. Although numerous reviews regarding perovskite materials have been published, the existing reviews generally focus on individual material systems (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Methods
September 2025
Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics, Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
As a new generation of high-energy-density energy storage system, solid-state aluminum-ion batteries have attracted much attention. Nowadays polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based electrolytes have been initially applied to Lithium-ion batteries due to their flexible processing and good interfacial compatibility, their application in aluminum-ion batteries still faces problems. To overcome the limitations in aluminum-ion batteries-specifically, strong Al coordination suppressing ion dissociation, high room-temperature crystallinity, and inadequate mechanical strength-this study develops a blended polymer electrolyte (BPE) of polypropylene carbonate (PPC) and PEO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
September 2025
School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
Recently, flexible airflow sensors have attracted significant attention due to their impressive characteristics and capabilities for airflow sensing. However, the development of high-performance flexible airflow sensors capable of sensing airflow over large areas remains a challenge. In this work, it is proposed that a hair-like flexible airflow sensor, based on laser direct writing and electrostatic flocking, offers an efficient technology for airflow sensing.
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