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Article Abstract
The increasing use of florfenicol in marine aquaculture poses significant challenges to biological nitrogen removal. However, its influence on mixotrophic denitrification in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) remains insufficiently explored. This study delved into the effects of florfenicol on intracellular electron transfer behavior, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) defense mechanisms, and microbial community succession in sulfur autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification systems. The results showed that mixotrophic denitrification performance was influenced by florfenicol in dose-dependent manner. High concentrations of florfenicol significantly impaired intracellular electron transfer from complex I to cytochrome c, and reduced denitrifying enzymes activity, in turn hindering the effective utilization of inorganic and organic electron donors by microorganisms. Microbial metabolism was suppressed under florfenicol stress, which activated defense mechanisms by stimulating the release of polysaccharides in EPS. Microbial community analysis revealed that high content of florfenicol altered the microbial composition, shifting the dominant autotrophic denitrifiers from Marinicella to unclassified_f_Rhod-obacteraceae and introducing new denitrifiers (Erysipelothrix and Fusibacter). Moreover, the higher diversity and relative abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) was induced, increasing the risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122497 | DOI Listing |
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