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The aim of the study was to develop a suitable pre-treatment (and more specifically, the etching operation) of 3D-printed PET and PETG samples with different filling densities of the inner layers for subsequent electroless metallization. The influence of temperature, etching time, and sodium hydroxide concentration in the etching solution on the deposition rate, adhesion, and composition of Ni-P coatings was determined. The studies show that a high temperature and concentration of the etching solution do not improve the properties of the coating. The etching not only plays an important role in improving adhesion but also affects the composition and thickness of the nickel layer. It was also established how the degree of filling densities of the inner layers affects the uniformity, penetration depth, and thickness of electrolessly deposited Cu and Ni-P coatings on 3D PETG samples.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12300221 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma18143401 | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
August 2025
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.
This study explores the feasibility of using 3D printing technology to fabricate reference materials for validating compressive strength measurements in construction laboratories. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG) were selected due to their widespread availability and use in fused deposition modeling (FDM). A series of cubic samples with varying infill levels and dimensions were printed and tested to evaluate the influence of infill density, temperature, and storage time on compressive strength.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomimetics (Basel)
August 2025
School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
Inspired by the evolutionary optimization of biological load-bearing systems, honeycomb structures are highly valued in applications involving impact protection and lightweight load-bearing due to their outstanding mechanical properties. This study introduces an interesting honeycomb structure known as the hybrid topological cellular honeycomb structure (HTCHS), which integrates four distinctive topological cells. To effectively fabricate HTCHS samples, the research utilized a fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, employing polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG) as the matrix material, successfully producing the HTCHS samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
July 2025
Institute for Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
This article explores the viscoelastic properties of polyethylene terephthalate glycol samples created by fused filament fabrication, emphasising the anisotropy introduced during fabrication. The samples were fabricated with filament direction within samples aligned along the principal axis or perpendicular. A group of samples was loaded with constant stress for 5 h, and a recovery phase with no applied stress was observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF3D Print Med
August 2025
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Blvd. Eroii Sanitari 8, Bucharest, 050474, Romania.
Background: Integrating 3D printing into orthopedic oncology enables the development of patient-specific cutting guides for specific anatomy. To preserve surgical precision, especially in tumor resections where the safety margins must balance minimization of recurrence with avoidance of excessive bone removal, it is critical to maintain the dimensional accuracy of these guides throughout all stages of fabrication, disinfection, cleaning, and sterilization.
Methods: Personalized cutting guides were 3D printed using ten filaments, and 3D scanned before and after sterilization.
Materials (Basel)
July 2025
Department of Railway Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
The aim of the study was to develop a suitable pre-treatment (and more specifically, the etching operation) of 3D-printed PET and PETG samples with different filling densities of the inner layers for subsequent electroless metallization. The influence of temperature, etching time, and sodium hydroxide concentration in the etching solution on the deposition rate, adhesion, and composition of Ni-P coatings was determined. The studies show that a high temperature and concentration of the etching solution do not improve the properties of the coating.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF