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Shared genetic developmental programs in which specific transcription factors affect similar cell fate decisions in distinct tissues are common. In the developing dorsal neural tube and cerebellum, PTF1A is essential for specification of GABAergic inhibitory neurons and suppression of alternative glutamatergic excitatory neuronal fates. Previous studies in the mouse dorsal neural tube identified the transcriptional repressor PRDM13 as a transcriptional target of PTF1A that functions to suppress the alternate cell fates to ensure precision in neuronal cell identity. The presence of PRDM13 in PTF1A + cerebellar progenitors suggests a similar role for PRDM13 in cerebellar neuronal specification. Cerebellar agenesis in humans with missense mutations in PRDM13, and perturbations in cerebellar development in Prdm13 mutant mice and zebrafish, confirm PRDM13 requirement in this tissue. Here we add to these findings showing additional mutant alleles in mouse Prdm13 phenocopy the perturbation in cerebellar cell fates seen with the absence of PTF1A, including loss of PAX2+ interneuron and Purkinje cell inhibitory neuronal lineages, increases in TLX3+ excitatory neuronal lineages, increased apoptosis, and reduced cerebellar size. Additional defects are seen in the placement of TBR1+ cerebellar cells. Thus, using Prdm13 mutant mice, we support conclusions that PRDM13 functions to specify balanced numbers of inhibitory and excitatory neuronal progenitors in the developing cerebellum.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.07.012 | DOI Listing |
Front Neural Circuits
September 2025
Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Introduction: Understanding how neural networks process complex patterns of information is crucial for advancing both neuroscience and artificial intelligence. To investigate fundamental principles of neural computation, we examined whether dissociated neuronal cultures, one of the most primitive living neural networks, exhibit regularity sensitivity beyond mere stimulus-specific adaptation and deviance detection.
Methods: We recorded activity to oddball electrical stimulation paradigms from dissociated rat cortical neurons cultured on high-resolution CMOS microelectrode arrays.
Comput Biol Med
September 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences and Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a pivotal tool for mapping neuronal activity in the brain. Traditionally, the observed hemodynamic changes are assumed to reflect the activity of the most common neuronal type: excitatory neurons. In contrast, recent experiments, using optogenetic techniques, suggest that the fMRI-signal could reflect the activity of inhibitory interneurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Biol
September 2025
Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
Neuronal development and function are orchestrated by a plethora of regulatory mechanisms that control the abundance, localization, interactions, and function of proteins. A key role in this regard is assumed by post-translational protein modifications (PTMs). While some PTM types, such as phosphorylation or ubiquitination, have been explored comprehensively, PTMs involving ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls) have remained comparably enigmatic (Ubls).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
September 2025
Lendület Laboratory of Thalamus Research, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine; Budapest, Hungary
The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) integrates subcortical signals related to arousal, stress, addiction, and anxiety with top-down cortical influences. Increases or decreases in PVT activity exert profound, long-lasting effects on behavior related to motivation, addiction and homeostasis. Yet the sources of its subcortical excitatory and inhibitory afferents, their distribution within the PVT, and their integration with layer-specific cortical inputs remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep
September 2025
Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Un
Neurodevelopmental disorders often impair multiple cognitive domains. For instance, a genetic epilepsy syndrome might cause seizures due to cortical hyperexcitability and present with memory impairments arising from hippocampal dysfunction. This study examines how a single disorder differentially affects distinct brain regions using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical- and hippocampal-ganglionic eminence assembloids to model developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 13, a condition arising from gain-of-function mutations in the SCN8A gene encoding the sodium channel Nav1.
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