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Background And Objectives: When the 2024 United States (U.S.) Presidential election was announced, Joe Biden and Donald Trump were two of the oldest candidates in election history. This circumstance created sentiments of ageist political discourse and arguments for presidential age limits. Despite clear ageist discourse during the U.S. election, there is a notable lack of research examining this issue. This study used posts from X (formerly Twitter) to understand ageism on social media during the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election, particularly focusing on the campaign period when the race was between Biden and Trump.
Research Design And Methods: Posts were collected from X during the American presidential election campaign from February 11-25, 2024. After filtering out non-English, incomplete, and unrelated posts, 1,254 relevant posts were coded line-by-line and then thematically analyzed. Rigor was established by using multiple strategies ranging from a strong audit trail to using inter-rater reliability during thematic analysis.
Results: Four main themes were identified: 1) old age as an inherent weakness: "they're both too old", 2) dementia-related stigma, 3) dehumanization of older adults: "ancient fossils are running for office", and 4) fear of perceived incompetence.
Discussion And Implications: Our study's findings shed light on how ageist discourse on social media threatens the credibility of older political leaders by shifting the focus from policies to stereotypical age-based attacks. Further research is needed to examine the impact of ageist discourse on electoral campaigns.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaf166 | DOI Listing |
PNAS Nexus
September 2025
Department of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Criminal prosecutions of political leaders have become salient election issues in the United States and globally, yet few studies have examined how such prosecutions affect public opinion. Donald Trump's criminal prosecution and ultimate victory in the 2024 US presidential election offer a valuable case to evaluate these effects. How does elite rhetoric about the accused leader's prosecution-from Donald Trump himself and from his federal prosecutor-shape public opinion? Using a preregistered survey experiment with 3,000 self-identified Republicans and independents, we test how alternative framings of Donald Trump's federal criminal prosecution affect public support for the accused leader, his prosecution and prosecutor, and democratic norms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.
Social media are often said to exacerbate polarization by platforming hostility between groups. However, positive social emotions like ingroup solidarity may also drive social media engagement, particularly after major threats such as military invasions or terror attacks. In this preregistered study, we examine the socioemotional drivers of engagement following group threats in the context of the US 2024 presidential campaign trail, where both major political parties faced crises in July of 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc
July 2025
Department of Political Science, University of California Los Angeles, USA.
With the precipitous decline in response rates, researchers and pollsters have been left with highly nonrepresentative samples, relying on constructed weights to make these samples representative of the desired target population. Though practitioners employ valuable expert knowledge to choose what variables must be adjusted for, they rarely defend particular functional forms relating these variables to the response process or the outcome. Unfortunately, commonly used calibration weights-which make the weighted mean of in the sample equal that of the population-only ensure correct adjustment when the portion of the outcome and the response process left unexplained by linear functions of are independent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
June 2025
CY Cergy Paris University, Complex Systems Institute of Paris Île-de-France (ISC-PIF) CNRS, médialab, Sciences Po, 75007 Paris, France; , 75013 Paris, France; and Learning Planet Institute, Learning Transitions unit, Paris, France.
Models of opinion dynamics describe how opinions are shaped in various environments. While these models are able to replicate general opinion distributions observed in real-world scenarios, their capacity to align with data at the user level remains mostly untested. We evaluate the capacity of the multistate voter model with zealots to capture individual opinions in a fine-grained Twitter dataset collected during the 2017 French presidential elections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGerontologist
July 2025
Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Background And Objectives: When the 2024 United States (U.S.) Presidential election was announced, Joe Biden and Donald Trump were two of the oldest candidates in election history.
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