Pharmaceutical potential of cobalt iodide nanoparticles in enhancing wound healing and modulating endocrine, immune, metabolic and antibacterial functions.

This study investigates the biocompatibility, antibacterial, hormonal, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing properties of cobalt iodide nanoparticles (CoI NPs). The nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical reduction and characterized through FTIR, XRD and SEM. The characterization revealed high crystallinity and a mean diameter of 2.60 nm. Biocompatibility was dose-dependent and hemolysis rates were below permissible limits (<5 %) at lower concentrations. Antibacterial testing showed moderate activity, particularly against Staphylococcus haemolyticus. In albino mice the treated groups demonstrated enhanced hormonal levels (T3, T4, testosterone, estrogen, and insulin) and improved immune responses (IgA, IgM, IgE). Wound healing in diabetic mice treated with CoI NPs was significantly faster, with reduced inflammation and accelerated tissue regeneration compared to control groups. Molecular docking confirmed that cobalt ions enhanced the binding of biomolecules, such as thyroxin and insulin, to their receptors, supporting biological functions. CoI NPs show promise for biomedical applications, being effective and safe, though further research is needed to fully understand their therapeutic potential.