Emergence of co-infection with Cryptococcus neoformans and Acinetobacter baumannii in older people with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease affecting various organs. Cryptococcus neoformans, an environmental yeast that is heavily dependent on the complement cascade for natural host defense, is produced via inhalation in immunocompromised patients. The fungal pathogen, C. neoformans, can cause life-threatening infections in patients with SLE. Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen that causes healthcare-associated infections, particularly in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. However, reports of co-infection with C. neoformans and A. baumannii in patients with SLE are scarce. We report an interesting case of co-infection with C. neoformans and A. baumannii in an 85-year-old man presented with cough, expectoration, chest tightness, and shortness of breath five months after diagnosis of SLE. The patient recovered gradually after 18 days of antimicrobial therapy. Coinfection with C. neoformans and A. baumannii in patients with SLE is rare, difficult to diagnose early, and has a high mortality rate. Accurate diagnosis and timely treatment are lifesaving.