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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00229 | DOI Listing |
Neural Regen Res
June 2025
Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Škandík M, Joseph B).
J Transl Med
June 2025
Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea.
Background: Stroke affects more than 12 million individuals worldwide annually, leading to lasting physical and cognitive impairments. The peri-infarct environment in the central nervous system, comprising glial and blood vessel cells, contributes to stroke progression. The hippocampal CA1 region is particularly vulnerable to ischemia, whereas the adjacent CA3-DG region exhibits different responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Dev Res
June 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, India.
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition characterized by chronic pain that is often refractory to conventional treatments. Increasing evidence suggests that microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play a crucial role in modulating pain pathways through neuroinflammatory mechanisms. The Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), in conjunction with DNAX-activating protein 12 (DAP12), regulates microglial activation and immune responses, thereby influencing neuropathic pain progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Neurodegener
March 2025
Convergence Dementia Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a dynamic interaction between neuroinflammation and metabolic dysregulation, where microglia play a central role. These immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to AD-related pathology, with key genes such as TREM2, APOE, and HIF-1α orchestrating these processes. Microglial metabolism adapts to environmental stimuli, shifting between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Immunol
April 2025
The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:
Microglia, key orchestrators of the brain's immune responses, play a pivotal role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging human models, including stem cell-derived microglia and cerebral organoids, are transforming our understanding of microglial contributions to AD pathology. In this review, we highlight how these models have uncovered human-specific microglial responses to amyloid plaques and their regulation of neuroinflammation, which are not recapitulated in animal models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF