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Mediation analysis is widely used for investigating direct and indirect causal pathways through which an effect arises. However, many mediation analysis studies are challenged by missingness in the mediator and outcome. In general, when the mediator and outcome are missing not at random, the direct and indirect effects are not identifiable without further assumptions. We study the identifiability of the direct and indirect effects under some interpretable mechanisms that allow for missing not at random in the mediator and outcome. We evaluate the performance of statistical inference under those mechanisms through simulation studies and illustrate the proposed methods via the National Job Corps Study.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2024.2359132 | DOI Listing |
Curr Opin Lipidol
August 2025
Cardiometabolic Immunity Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) and Victorian Heart Institute (VHI), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Purpose Of Review: This review explores the evolving understanding of efferocytosis - the clearance of dead or dying cells by phagocytes - in the context of atherosclerosis. It highlights recent discovers in cell death modalities, impaired clearance mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring efferocytosis to stabilize plaques and resolve inflammation.
Recent Findings: Recent studies have expanded the scope of efferocytosis beyond apoptotic cells to include other pro-inflammatory cell death modes, including pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis, revealing context-dependent clearance efficiency and immunological outcomes.
Curr Opin Neurol
October 2025
Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain.
Purpose Of Review: Autoimmune nodopathies (AN) are a recognized distinct group of immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies with unique immunopathological features and therapeutic implications. This review synthesizes recent advances in their pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management, which have refined their clinical classification and informed targeted treatment strategies.
Recent Findings: AN are characterized by autoantibodies targeting surface proteins in the nodal-paranodal area (anti-contactin-1, anti-contactin-associated protein 1, anti-neurofascin-155, anti-pan-neurofascin), predominantly of IgG4 subclass.
Am J Epidemiol
September 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
In 2016, the NIH designated LGBTQ+ individuals (ie, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and all sexual and gender minorities) as a health disparities population. The growing interest in studying the health of LGBTQ+ populations merits revisiting the methodological approaches researchers employ. We elucidate how researchers can identify appropriate adjustment sets for causal questions using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Rep (Hoboken)
September 2025
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Centre of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Background: Epigenetic regulation significantly affects immune responses in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the role of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, especially in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) within LUAD, is not well understood.
Methods: This study examined m6A modification patterns in 973 LUAD patients using 23 regulatory genes.
Parasite Immunol
September 2025
Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Leishmania parasite adeptly evades the host's immune defences by infiltrating macrophages, exploiting apoptotic processes for further dissemination. Among the host's strategies to counter parasitic propagation, the pivotal role of B-cells, specifically B regulatory (Breg) cells, emerges. Recent evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has thrust Breg cells into the spotlight, attributed to their IL-10 secretion and antigen presentation.
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