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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/nah.nah_61_25 | DOI Listing |
Avian Pathol
September 2025
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious, economically relevant immunosuppressive pathogen of chickens. Despite belonging to a single serotype, virulent IBDVs display a remarkable heterogeneity in genetic and functional features. Traditionally, strains are categorized into classical, variant and very virulent viruses, but many atypical IBDVs have been recently identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluenza Other Respir Viruses
September 2025
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Few studies have evaluated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in middle-income countries, particularly in eastern Europe. We aimed to estimate COVID-19 VE against SARS-CoV-2-confirmed hospitalizations and severe outcomes in Kosovo.
Methods: We conducted a test-negative case-control study using data from Kosovo's severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) sentinel surveillance system from January 2022 to June 2024.
Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is a major global health challenge, with particularly high prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Eastern European and Central Asian region (EECA). While the country of Georgia has made major progress in reducing overall HCV prevalence, less is known about HCV reinfection rates and risk factors for reinfection among PWID. In this study, we aimed to: (1) estimate HCV reinfection rates and (2) identify risk factors associated with HCV reinfection among PWID.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransbound Emerg Dis
September 2025
Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology - Branch in Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
This study aims to identify the role of various natural, socioeconomic, and demographic factors in the development of the African swine fever (ASF) epizootic among wild boar in the Russian Federation (RF) from 2007 to 2023. In this study, particular emphasis was placed on testing the significance of wild boar population density as a key factor contributing to the spread of ASF within this population. During the study period, 1711 outbreaks in wild boars were reported in the RF, accounting for 41.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrev Med Rep
October 2025
Planning Funding and Outcomes, Te Whatu Ora Health, New Zealand.
Objective: To investigate prevalence of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 or 2 (HTLV-1/2) using the New Zealand Blood Service (NZBS) data, to inform whether further HTLV-1/2 prevalence study may be required, in the context of drivers of the inequities in lung cancer for Māori (the Indigenous population).
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study used the NZBS data of all blood donors nationwide (01/01/2001-30/06/2024). Prevalence overall and by ethnicity was calculated as the number of confirmed HTLV-1/2 positive cases per 10,000 donors.