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Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) deploys image-guidance to deliver multiple beams of highly focused ionizing radiation to tightly conformed anatomical targets, leading to precise dosing of radiation-induced cellular injury and predictable biological responses that can be applied to treat a multitude of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Herein we review the principles of CNS radiobiology, comparing differences between SRS and conventional radiation therapy. We then review the radiobiology of SRS as it pertains to the treatment of CNS tumors and vascular malformations and the emerging application of SRS for the treatment of functional and psychiatric neurological disorders. Finally, we look toward the future in combining SRS with other novel technologies to improve treatment outcomes for patients with CNS disorders.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15060649 | DOI Listing |
Turk J Pediatr
September 2025
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Background: The expression and clinical correlation of BRAFV600E mutation and programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have been reported, but the conclusions of previous studies are inconsistent. In addition, it has been reported that elevated cathepsin S (CTSS) expression is associated with various cancers. However, there is currently no research on the correlation between CTSS and LCH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
September 2025
Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China.
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a major contributor to cognitive impairment, often accompanied by central neuroinflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The tryptophan (TRP) pathway, activated via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), serves as a critical link between immune activation and neuronal damage. Umbelliferone (UMB), a naturally occurring coumarin compound, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and microbiota-modulating properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOcular relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is rare and typically associated with central nervous system or bone marrow involvement. Anterior segment infiltration as the sole manifestation of relapse is exceptionally uncommon and may mimic noninfectious uveitis, leading to diagnostic delay. We report the case of a 4-year-old boy with a history of B-cell precursor ALL, diagnosed at age 2 and treated according to the ALL IC BFM 2009 protocol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are essential pollinators threatened by sublethal effects of pesticides such as imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid that disrupts the central nervous system. However, many of the systemic effects are poorly understood, especially on the physiological homeostasis of the honey bee. We evaluated the effects of oral administration of imidacloprid and the flavonol rutin on the properties of extracellular fluid (ECF) in Apis mellifera.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJCI Insight
September 2025
Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences & Euan MacDonald Centre for M, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by low levels of SMN protein. Several therapeutic approaches boosting SMN are approved for human patients, delivering remarkable improvements in lifespan and symptoms. However, emerging phenotypes, including neurodevelopmental comorbidities, are being reported in some treated SMA patients, indicative of alterations in brain development.
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