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We propose a dynamic approach to analyze water use efficiency across Spanish regions in the period 2001-2018. To measure efficiency, we implement several specifications of a slacks-based measure Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) model considering different intertemporal aspects of the water cycle, ranging from depletion to wastewater treatment and recycling. Accounting for the last two components makes a crucial difference when determining the efficiency of regions. A dynamic Tobit model is applied to identify the main driving forces behind the observed trends in efficiency. We find a very strong autoregressive component, suggesting an important structural dimension. Efficiency is also positively related to competitiveness, while economic growth can have a positive effect though limited to the short run. The main managerial and policy implications for a country subject to strict water consumption limits and depending on wastewater treatment and recycling are analyzed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126174 | DOI Listing |
J Cannabis Res
September 2025
Department of EconomicsMA in Applied Economics, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box: 13-5053, Beirut, Lebanon.
Amidst the global shift toward cannabis legalization, this study examines medical cannabis (MC) sales as an indicator of economic activity and innovation. It explores associations between MC sales, and variables including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, amphetamine, cocaine and cannabis prevalence, and gross domestic product (GDP), using a fixed effects (FE) panel regression model. It also evaluates associations between cannabis legalization and MC sales over time using a dynamic Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach with multiple time periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome Biol
September 2025
Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands.
Background: Plant roots release root exudates to attract microbes that form root communities, which in turn promote plant health and growth. Root community assembly arises from millions of interactions between microbes and the plant, leading to robust and stable microbial networks. To manage the complexity of natural root microbiomes for research purposes, scientists have developed reductionist approaches using synthetic microbial inocula (SynComs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Struct Mol Biol
September 2025
Developmental Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in mammals is orchestrated by the noncoding RNA X-inactive-specific transcript (Xist) that, together with specific interacting proteins, functions in cis to silence an entire X chromosome. Defined sites on Xist RNA carry the N-methyladenosine (mA) modification and perturbation of the mA writer complex has been found to abrogate Xist-mediated gene silencing. However, the relative contribution of mA and its mechanism of action remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Biomed Eng
September 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Campus, Sarıyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
Purpose: The design and development of ventricular assist devices have heavily relied on computational tools, particularly computational fluid dynamics (CFD), since the early 2000s. However, traditional CFD-based optimization requires costly trial-and-error approaches involving multiple design cycles. This study aims to propose a more efficient VAD design and optimization framework that overcomes these limitations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Toxicol
September 2025
Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
The transition from traditional animal-based approaches and assessments to New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) marks a scientific revolution in regulatory toxicology, with the potential of enhancing human and environmental protection. However, implementing the effective use of NAMs in regulatory toxicology has proven to be challenging, and so far, efforts to facilitate this change frequently focus on singular technical, psychological or economic inhibitors. This article takes a system-thinking approach to these challenges, a holistic framework for describing interactive relationships between the components of a system of interest.
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