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Article Abstract
The marine ornamental species trade relies heavily on wild-caught specimens, including the Vermiculated angelfish (). Captive breeding of this species faces challenges with limited detailed knowledge available beyond 2 days post-hatch (dph) regarding the influence of environmental factors. This study provides a detailed characterization of from early development to 381 dph. Under controlled laboratory conditions, the effect of temperature (22-37 °C) on hatching rate, deformity rate, hatching period duration, time to 50% hatch, and survival rate is investigated. Additionally, the influence of different salinities (0-38 psu) on hatching rates and larval deformity rates was also examined. The optimal incubation temperatures for high hatching rate and minimal larval deformities are found to be within 25-28 °C. A lower salinity threshold of 10 psu was established for successful hatching, and the optimal salinity range for minimizing larval deformities was 33-36 psu. These findings provide crucial baseline data and practical recommendations for optimizing hatchery protocols for , contributing to enhanced larval survival and the potential for sustainable aquaculture production, thereby reducing the pressure on wild populations.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153641 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani15111657 | DOI Listing |
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