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The recognition of amine groups by ninhydrin, along with a simple mathematical algorithm, showed that di- and tripeptides derived from dietary protein are the major end products of protein digestion entering the blood postprandially. There are thousands of oligopeptides appearing in the gut during protein digestion. However, the presented study on a pig model clearly shows that peptides longer than tri-amino acid peptides do not appear postprandially in the blood in nutritional amounts. We hypothesize that the measurement of postprandial free amino acids, di- and tripeptides and proportions between these components could be a useful, desirable tool both in laboratory and clinical practice, which could be used to determine the metabolic importance of protein digestion end products in health and disease.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04625-w | DOI Listing |
ACS Synth Biol
September 2025
A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus that causes a highly lethal disease in pigs and currently has no effective vaccines or antiviral treatments available. We designed a protein switch that combines the DNase domain of colicin E9 (DNase E9) and its inhibitor Im9 with the viral protease cleavage site. The complex is only destroyed in the presence of an ASFV pS273R protease, which releases DNase activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Cell
September 2025
Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Plant thermomorphogenesis is a critical adaptive response to elevated ambient temperatures. The transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) integrates diverse environmental and phytohormone signals to coordinate thermoresponsive growth. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying plant thermomorphogenic growth remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
Agonist-induced interaction of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with β-arrestins (βarrs) is a critical mechanism that regulates the spatiotemporal pattern of receptor localization and signaling. While the underlying mechanism governing GPCR-βarr interaction is primarily conserved and involves receptor activation and phosphorylation, there are several examples of receptor-specific fine-tuning of βarr-mediated functional outcomes. Considering the key contribution of conformational plasticity of βarrs in driving receptor-specific functional responses, it is important to develop novel sensors capable of reporting distinct βarr conformations in cellular context.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
November 2025
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong, 25001
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of EPA-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) and DHA-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) against dexamethasone (DEX)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy both in vitro and in vivo. Results revealed that EPA-PL and DHA-PL significantly attenuated DEX-induced reduction in C2C12 myotube diameter. Additionally, supplementation with 1 % EPA-PL or 1 % DHA-PL for 6 weeks effectively alleviated DEX-induced declines in grip strength, skeletal muscle mass, and myofiber cross-sectional areas in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
November 2025
Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380 - University Campus, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil. Electronic address:
The objective of the research was to employ extrusion to increase the yield of simulated gastrointestinal digestion of protein corn gluten meal (CG). A single-screw extruder and a full factorial design with two center points were used. The optimal extrusion parameters were 40 % sample moisture, 140 °C and 54 rpm, resulting in a gastrointestinal digestion yield of 37.
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