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Article Abstract
The rising prevalence of histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) gene deletions (pfhrp2-) poses a threat to the accuracy of PfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, evidence of this deletion is scarce in Indonesia. We examined the prevalence of pfhrp2 and its paralogue histidine-rich protein 3 (PfHRP3) gene deletions (pfhrp3-) in blood samples collected from a study assessing three PfHRP2-based RDTs conducted between December 2022 and April 2023 in Timika, Papua. Out of 2157 symptomatic-patients enrolled, 566 P. falciparum mono-infection cases were included for pfhrp2/3 exon 2 genotyping. We detected nine samples (1.59%, 95% CI 0.73-3.00%) with pfhrp2-/pfhrp3-, of which eight were PfHRP2-RDTs positive. Of three pfhrp2- samples (0.53%, 95% CI 0.11-1.54%), one was PfHRP2-RDTs positive. In contrast, 201 samples (35.51%, 95% CI 31.57-39.61%) had pfhrp3-, five of which were pfhrp2 + but PfHRP2-RDT negative; however, four exhibited low parasitemia. Five PfHRP2-RDTs negative samples with pfhrp2 + /pfhrp3 + were sequenced alongside two pfhrp2 + with PfHRP2-RDTs positive samples. We found more repeat-type variations in pfhrp2 compared to pfhrp3. Seven unique repeat types in pfhrp2 and one unique repeat type in pfhrp3 amino acid sequences were characterized in single or multiple copies per sample. These results demonstrated the low prevalence of pfhrp2- 2.12% (95% CI 1.10-3.67%) suggesting PfHRP2-based RDTs remain suitable for malaria diagnosis in Timika, Papua, Indonesia.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134276 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02834-x | DOI Listing |
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The rising prevalence of histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) gene deletions (pfhrp2-) poses a threat to the accuracy of PfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, evidence of this deletion is scarce in Indonesia. We examined the prevalence of pfhrp2 and its paralogue histidine-rich protein 3 (PfHRP3) gene deletions (pfhrp3-) in blood samples collected from a study assessing three PfHRP2-based RDTs conducted between December 2022 and April 2023 in Timika, Papua.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFField performance of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase rapid diagnostic tests during a large histidine-rich protein 2 deletion survey in Ethiopia.
Malar J
August 2022
Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Background: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have expanded diagnostic service to remote endemic communities in Ethiopia, where 70% of malaria services per annum are reliant on them. However, diagnostic strategies are threatened by Plasmodium falciparum parasites with deletions of the histidine-rich protein 2 and/or 3 (pfhrp2/3) genes. Studies have reported pfhrp2/3 gene deletion prevalence in Ethiopia that exceeds the WHO recommended threshold to switch to non-HRP2 targeted RDTs for detection of P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLow prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking pfhrp2/3 genes among asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Malar J
April 2022
Programme for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the reliability of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria, specifically focusing on the detection of the PfHRP2 protein in Plasmodium falciparum, as deletions of this gene may lead to missed malaria cases.
- Blood samples from asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, were collected and analyzed using microscopy and PCR to assess the accuracy of RDTs compared to these methods.
- The results indicated varying rates of detection, with RDTs showing 80-92% sensitivity compared to PCR and 60-77% compared to microscopy, while 4% of asymptomatic samples had deletions of the pfhrp2 gene, suggesting
Detection of high prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 gene deletions in Assosa zone, Ethiopia: implication for malaria diagnosis.
Malar J
February 2021
Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Background: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) targeting histidine rich protein 2(HRP2) are widely used for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infections. Besides PfHRP2, the PfHRP3 antigen contributes to the detection of P. falciparum infections in PfHRP2 RDTs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlasmodium falciparum isolate with histidine-rich protein 2 gene deletion from Nyala City, Western Sudan.
Sci Rep
July 2020
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
In remote areas of malaria-endemic countries, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have dramatically improved parasitological confirmation of suspected malaria cases, especially when skilled microscopists are not available. This study was designed to determine the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum isolates with histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion as one of the possible factors contributing to the failure of PfHRP2-based RDTs in detecting malaria. A total of 300 blood samples were collected from several health centres in Nyala City, Western Sudan.
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