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Testosterone is an important vascular hormone, with multiple effects reported on the vasculature. As such, boys and men with early onset hypogonadism may have altered cardiovascular function, with the potential to result in adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. Given the fact that cardiovascular changes in the young can affect future cardiovascular health, there is a need to better understand the influence of androgens on the vasculature in those with conditions such as 46, XY Disorders of Sex Development and Klinefelter Syndrome. This review summarises what is known about hypogonadism and the effects of testosterone supplementation in adults with hypogonadism, as well as what is currently understood in those with early onset hypogonadism specifically. A number of research gaps persist in this area and there is a need for international collaborative studies to address these for future generations of affected individuals.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2025.102004 | DOI Listing |
Adv Sci (Weinh)
September 2025
Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Emerging evidence indicates that liquid-liquid phase separation of α-synuclein occurs during the nucleation step of its aggregation, a pivotal step in the onset of Parkinson's disease. Elucidating the molecular determinants governing this process is essential for understanding the pathological mechanisms of diseases and developing therapeutic strategies that target early-stage aggregation. While previous studies have identified residues critical for α-synuclein amyloid formation, the key residues and molecular drivers of its phase separation remain largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pharmacother
September 2025
Liver Therapy & Evolution Team, In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels B-1090, Belgium. Electronic address:
Phenylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency in the phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase enzyme or its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, is characterized by excessive phenylalanine (Phe) and reduced tyrosine (Tyr) levels and typically manifests neurologically. Even early treated PKU patients with proper metabolic control, obtained immediately after birth upon diagnosis of the disease, show late-onset neurological complications. Although the disease has already been researched for over 90 years, the complexity of its neurological pathophysiology has only recently been unraveled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
September 2025
Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
This study explored the association between maternal blood lead, cadmium, mercury, and manganese concentrations during pregnancy and body mass index z-scores (zBMI), overweight, and obesity among children aged 0-4 years based on data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). After data selection, 93,782 mother-child pairs were selected for analysis. Associations between prenatal metal exposure and obesity in children were explored using the generalized estimating equation (GEE), latent class growth analysis (LCGA), and quantile g-computation models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Infect Dis
September 2025
Servicio de Brucellosis, Hospital F. J. Muñiz, 1282 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Objectives: Brucellosis remains a significant zoonotic disease in endemic regions, with relapse and focal complications posing significant clinical challenges. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with brucellosis relapse and focal disease in North Khorasan, Iran, over a nine-year period.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2,568 confirmed brucellosis cases from 2015 to 2024, using data from multiple centers.
Schizophr Res
September 2025
Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. Electronic address:
Alterations in hippocampal structure and function are established in schizophrenia. However, the specific patterns of hippocampal activity along the schizophrenia course remain unknown. Eighty-five study participants [34 schizophrenia probands (SZ), 32 first-degree relatives (REL), 19 healthy controls (HC)] underwent 3Tesla ultra-high resolution brain MRI (Vascular Space Occupancy); relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV)-an index of regional activity-was estimated across hippocampal subfields: dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, and subiculum (SUB).
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