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We used epidemiological data from 21195 patients with cancer and 180407 matched controls, including in-depth analyses in 216 cancer patients, to discover clinical and molecular determinants that predispose cancer patients to breakthrough infections. Patients with B cell malignancies, with differential expression of CD24, CDK14 and PLEKHG1, were most susceptible to breakthrough infections, suggesting that these patients may require more booster immunisations to ameliorate cellular responses and immune protection against COVID-19.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062431 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01141-w | DOI Listing |
Vaccine
September 2025
Department of Paediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/ University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Background: Pediatric patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases often require immunosuppressive therapy, which increases their susceptibility to infections, including varicella-zoster virus (VZV). While the live attenuated varicella vaccine is contraindicated in most immunocompromised children, the recombinant subunit vaccine, Shingrix, may offer an alternative preventive strategy. However, data on its safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in pediatric VZV-naïve patients remain limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA key goal of vaccinology is to train the immune system to combat current pathogens while simultaneously preparing it for future evolved variants. Understanding factors contributing to anticipatory breadth, wherein affinity maturation against an ancestral strain yields neutralization capacity against evolved variants, is therefore of great importance. Here, we investigated the mechanism of anticipatory breadth development in a public antibody family targeting the functionally restricted ACE2 binding site on SARS-CoV-2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav
September 2025
Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
Background: Immune induction under B-cell depletion is complex and far from being fully understood.
Methods: We investigated clinical and immunological responses after dual homologous mRNA vaccination with BNT162b2 and after booster vaccination or infection in 14 B-cell depleted patients with inflammatory central nervous system disease in comparison to 28 healthy controls. Spike-specific IgG were determined using ELISA and neutralizing activity by surrogate assay.
J Mycol Med
August 2025
Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China. Electronic address:
With opportunistic fungal pathogens increasingly recognized as a global public health threat, the population at high risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has expanded beyond traditionally immunocompromised individuals-such as those with malignancies, organ transplantation, diabetes mellitus, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-to include critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) receiving invasive support and immunomodulatory therapies. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is one of the most lethal opportunistic infections in this population, characterized by insidious onset, clinical heterogeneity, and a lack of specific signs, often resulting in delayed diagnosis. Disseminated or breakthrough aspergillosis carries an exceedingly high mortality rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
August 2025
Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, TUM University Hospital German Heart Center, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.
: Systematic studies providing differentiated insight into the contribution of immunity directed against conserved and non-conserved epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike on long-term protection are rare and insufficiently guide future pan-variant vaccine research. The present observational cohort study aimed to evaluate the correlation of neutralizing antibody levels and cellular immunity against the Spike protein with symptomatic Omicron breakthrough infection. : Neutralizing antibody levels against multiple (sub)variants were analyzed 6 months following the second wild-type mRNA vaccination and 6 months after booster in 107 subjects using a multiplex surrogate virus neutralization assay.
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