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http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.0359 | DOI Listing |
JCI Insight
September 2025
Division of Nephrology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America.
Background: Active vitamin D metabolites, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), have potent immunomodulatory effects that attenuate acute kidney injury (AKI) in animal models.
Methods: We conducted a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, 3-arm clinical trial comparing oral calcifediol (25D), calcitriol (1,25D), and placebo among 150 critically ill adult patients at high-risk of moderate-to-severe AKI. The primary endpoint was a hierarchical composite of death, kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and kidney injury (baseline-adjusted mean change in serum creatinine), each assessed within 7 days following enrollment using a rank-based procedure.
JAMA Netw Open
September 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Importance: Patients with advanced cancer frequently receive broad-spectrum antibiotics, but changing use patterns across the end-of-life trajectory remain poorly understood.
Objective: To describe the patterns of broad-spectrum antibiotic use across defined end-of-life intervals in patients with advanced cancer.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study used data from the South Korean National Health Insurance Service database to examine broad-spectrum antibiotic use among patients with advanced cancer who died between July 1, 2002, and December 31, 2021.
J Neurooncol
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Purpose: Frailty measures are critical for predicting outcomes in metastatic spine disease (MSD) patients. This study aimed to evaluate frailty measures throughout the disease process.
Methods: This retrospective analysis measured frailty in MSD patients at multiple time points using a modified Metastatic Spinal Tumor Frailty Index (MSTFI).
Ann Surg Oncol
September 2025
Surgical Oncology, The Institute for Cancer Care, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Introduction: The optimal surveillance for mucinous appendix cancer (MAC) after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) remains unclear. We identified postoperative periods reflecting significant changes in recurrence probability.
Methods: A prospective database (1998-2024) of patients with stage IV MAC with low-grade (LGMCP), high-grade (HGMCP), and signet-ring cell (SRC) histology treated with initial complete (CC-0/1) CRS/HIPEC was analyzed.
Inn Med (Heidelb)
September 2025
Klink für Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken Marienhospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Deutschland.
Helicobacter pylori was first characterized as an obligate bacterial pathogen in 1983. Since then, substantial advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of H. pylori infection, optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and expanding testing and treatment-including in the prevention of gastric malignancies.
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