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Article Abstract
5,8-Dihydroindolo[2,3-c]carbazole (ICz), 9H-cinnolino[3,4-c]carbazole (CnCz), and variously alkyl-, alkenyl-, and aryl-substituted indolo[2,3-k]- and -[3,2-a]phenanthridines (IPs) were synthesized using an ortho fusion strategy with Suzuki cross couplings, intramolecular nitrene insertions, diazo couplings, and Morgan-Walls cyclizations as key reactions. The IPs were additionally transformed into organoboranes and helicene conjugates with tetraphenylethylene derivatives. The compounds fluoresce with large Stokes shifts, exhibit strong acidochromism, and show a good to excellent aggregation-induced emission. Their helical structure was elucidated by x-ray crystallographic analysis and by quantum chemical calculations. HOMO-LUMO gaps of 3.96-4.06 eV and S-T gaps were calculated, with CnCz showing a small singlet-triplet inversion. Relative pK values of 6.65-9.55 were estimated for the different types of azahelicenes.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202501081 | DOI Listing |
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