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Significance: High-resolution optical imaging at significant depths is challenging due to scattering, which impairs image quality in living matter with complex structures. We address the need for improved imaging techniques in deep tissues.
Aim: We aim to develop a computational deep three-photon microscopy (3PM) method that enhances image quality without compromising acquisition speed, increasing excitation power, or adding extra optical components.
Approach: We introduce a method called low-rank diffusion model (LRDM)-3PM, which utilizes customized aggregation-induced emission nanoprobes and self-supervised deep learning. This approach leverages superficial information from three-dimensional (3D) images to compensate for scattering and structured noise from the imaging system.
Results: LRDM-3PM achieves a remarkable signal-to-background ratio above 100 even at depths of 1.5 mm, enabling the imaging of the hippocampus in live mouse brains. It integrates with a multiparametric analysis platform for resolving morpho-structural features of brain vasculature in a completely 3D manner, accurately recognizing distinct brain regions.
Conclusions: LRDM-3PM demonstrates the potential for minimally invasive imaging and analysis, offering a significant advancement in the field of deep tissue imaging by maintaining high-resolution quality at unprecedented depths.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.30.4.046002 | DOI Listing |
J Biophotonics
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Three-photon fluorescence microscopy (3PFM) enables high-resolution volumetric imaging in deep tissues but is often hindered by motion artifacts in dynamic physiological environments. Existing solutions, including surgical fixation and conventional image registration algorithms, frequently fail under intense and nonuniform motions, particularly in low-texture or highly deformed regions. To overcome these problems, we propose StabiFormer, a transformer-based optical flow learning network designed for robust motion correction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
August 2025
Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
Single- and multi-photon absorption cross-sections quantify the likelihood that a material will absorb one or more photons at a given wavelength. This critical parameter is fundamental to understanding light-matter interactions that underpin key applications in spectroscopy, photochemistry and advanced imaging techniques like multi-photon microscopy and deep tissue imaging. Conventional methods for measuring absorption cross-sections are often limited by sensitivity to sample morphology, type, concentration, and high excitation intensities - factors that can compromise reliability, increase experimental complexity, and risk sample damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotochem Photobiol Sci
July 2025
Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, #1 Xuefu Avenue, Guodu Education and Industry Zone, Chang'an, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China.
Nonlinear optical imaging (NLOI) provided detailed morphological information about biological systems, whereas confocal Raman micro-spectral imaging (CRMI) identified the biochemical properties of tissue samples. In this work, we proposed an integrated microscopy system by combining NLOI and CRMI together. An Er⁺-doped femtosecond fiber laser at 1560 nm serves as the excitation source for NLOI modalities, and a semiconductor laser at 830 nm was used for spectra excitation during CRMI investigations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurophotonics
April 2025
Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Beijing, China.
Significance: Miniature multiphoton microscopy has revolutionized neuronal imaging in freely behaving animals. However, its shallow depth of field-a result of high axial resolution-combined with a limited field of view (FOV), makes it challenging for researchers to identify regions of interest in three-dimensional space across multimillimeter cranial windows, thereby reducing the system's ease of use.
Aim: We aimed to develop a multimodal imaging platform with enhanced guidance and a standardized workflow tailored for efficient imaging of freely behaving animals.
Expert Rev Med Devices
September 2025
Centre for Neurotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK.
Introduction: Three-photon microscopy is an emerging tool for deep tissue imaging with superior spatial resolution. It enables imaging of portions of tissue beyond the typical depth limit of two-photon microscopy.
Areas Covered: In this review, we give an overview of widely used deep tissue imaging modalities.