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Deaminases belonging to the AID/APOBEC family are known as ssDNA and mRNA mutators involved in innate/adaptive immunity, mRNA editing, genome stabilization by restricting retrotransposons, and carcinogenesis. Recent studies suggest that the repertoire of AID/APOBEC targets is more diverse than previously thought and imply a broader biological impact of these proteins.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2025.02.006 | DOI Listing |
Trends Biochem Sci
August 2025
Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland. Electronic address:
Deaminases belonging to the AID/APOBEC family are known as ssDNA and mRNA mutators involved in innate/adaptive immunity, mRNA editing, genome stabilization by restricting retrotransposons, and carcinogenesis. Recent studies suggest that the repertoire of AID/APOBEC targets is more diverse than previously thought and imply a broader biological impact of these proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
February 2020
GMDxgenomics, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
The mechanism of (CAG)n repeat generation, and related expandable repeat diseases in non-dividing cells, is currently understood in terms of a DNA template-based DNA repair synthesis process involving hairpin stabilized slippage, local error-prone repair via MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3) hairpin protective stabilization, then nascent strand extension by DNA polymerases-β and -δ. We advance a very similar slipped hairpin-stabilized model involving MSH2-MSH3 with two key differences: the copying template may also be the nascent pre-mRNA with the repair pathway being mediated by the Y-family error-prone enzymes DNA polymerase-η and DNA polymerase-κ acting as reverse transcriptases. We argue that both DNA-based and RNA-based mechanisms could well be activated in affected non-dividing brain cells .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2020
Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan;
() genes are members of the gene family that are found exclusively in mammals. genes encode antiviral proteins that restrict the replication of retroviruses by inducing G-to-A mutations in their genomes and have undergone extensive amplification and diversification during mammalian evolution. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are sequences derived from ancient retroviruses that are widespread mammalian genomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Transl Med
September 2019
Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Post-transcriptional modifications have been recently expanded with the addition of RNA editing, which is predominantly mediated by adenosine and cytidine deaminases acting on DNA and RNA. Here, we review the full spectrum of physiological processes in which these modifiers are implicated, among different organisms. Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editors, members of the ADAR and ADAT protein families are important regulators of alternative splicing and transcriptional control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncoimmunology
October 2018
Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
Harnessing the immune system by checkpoint blockade has greatly expanded the therapeutic options for advanced cancer. Since the efficacy of immunotherapies is influenced by the molecular make-up of the tumor and its crosstalk with the immune system, comprehensive analysis of genetic and immunologic tumor characteristics is essential to gain insight into mechanisms of therapy response and resistance. We investigated the association of immune cell contexture and tumor genetics including tumor mutational burden (TMB), copy number alteration (CNA) load, mutant allele heterogeneity (MATH) and specific mutational signatures (MutSigs) using TCGA data of 5722 tumor samples from 21 cancer types.
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