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Objective: In response to limitations in foundational anthropometric research efforts as well as the increasingly diversifying workforce, researchers have attempted to define the presence or absence of differences in respirator-related facial measurements between different demographic groups. The purpose of the present study was to assess the presence of differences in facial measurements from 3D scans related to respirator fit, based on demographic factors of gender, race/ethnicity, and age in a sample of 2,022 3D scans.
Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technology was used to gather facial measurement data. Principal components analysis (PCA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were employed to determine the presence or absence of differences in measurements from 3D scans between the demographic groups.
Results: Results indicated that measurements from 3D scans related to respirator fit were significantly different for all groups within each demographic category (gender, race/ethnicity, and age).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that demographic factors such as gender, race/ethnicity, and age have a significant impact on facial measurements from 3D scans, which has implications for respirator fit and design considerations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaf012 | DOI Listing |
Ann Work Expo Health
September 2025
National Institute for Occupational Health, a Division of National Health Laboratory Service, 25 Hospital Street, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Objectives: Many South African workers rely on respirators for protection from airborne hazards. To our knowledge, there is no public head and face anthropometric database for Black South African respirator users to inform the design of respirators for these individuals. The objective of our study was to determine the facial dimensions of Black South African respirator users using the 13 facial dimensions recommended by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Occup Environ Hyg
August 2025
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Ensuring that respiratory protection is effective for all can be difficult if limited resources are available to assist with selecting a well-fitting respirator model and user guidance. To better understand how various N95 filtering facepiece respirator models fit on a variety of face sizes, a quantitative fit evaluation was performed on 12 different N95 respirators distributed by the Strategic National Stockpile using five manikin headform sizes representative of most of the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Occup Environ Hyg
August 2025
People Safety, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada.
Crushing oral tablets can potentially aerosolize active ingredients in the medication and expose healthcare workers to drug particulates. Few studies have quantified aerosolized particulate matter generated during tablet crushing. Inhalation of patient medications can result in negative health effects to the healthcare worker, especially if hazardous medications are being crushed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIran J Public Health
May 2025
Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Background: Head and facial anthropometric data play a crucial role in designing and properly sizing respirators. Previous anthropometric studies on respirator design have primarily focused on the head and facial dimensions of American and Chinese individuals. However, there is a lack of research for multi-ethnic countries like Iran.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
July 2025
IPAC Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia.
Particularly during an epidemic of infectious diseases, worker safety in healthcare depends critically on respirator fit testing and the usage of powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR). Reducing hazards requires ensuring healthcare professionals' (HCW) knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors as well as their compliance with respiratory protection programs. There is little information on these factors in Saudi Arabian healthcare environments, which calls for targeted research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF