Synthesis, and evaluation of amide derivatives as prospective antimicrobial and antileishmanial agents.

This study focused on the synthesis, antimicrobial, and antileishmanial evaluation of seven amide derivatives ( to ). The target compounds were synthesized from cysteine methyl ester and various substituted aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids. The final products were characterized using physical and spectro-analytical techniques (FT-IR, H NMR). The derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity at various concentrations. Experimental studies revealed that compounds and were the most potent against and , exhibiting 18 mm and 21 mm inhibition zones, respectively, at a concentration of 2000 µg/mL. Additionally, and showed significant activity against , with 20 mm and 23 mm inhibition zones, respectively, at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. The compounds also exhibited moderate to good activity against . Compounds , and demonstrated good activity, with IC values of 0.68 ± 0.09, 0.68 ± 0.16, 0.66 ± 0.08, and 0.68 ± 0.12 µg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) analysis, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies were conducted on the most potent compounds ( and ) to validate and support their experimental antimicrobial and antileishmanial potential.