Synergistic bacterial inhibition by sodium phytate and microbial lysozyme: New insights from multispectral analysis and molecular docking.

Sodium phytate (SP) is a biocompatible chelating agent for rare metals, possessing inherent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, while microbial lysozyme (LYSO), as an enzyme derived from organisms, possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral effects. In this study, the combination of SP and LYSO showed inhibitory synergism, effectively enhancing the antibacterial spectrum of LYSO. The interaction dynamics between SP and LYSO were scrutinized employing techniques of multispectral and molecular docking. The results of fluorescence bursting experiments revealed that SP reduced the fluorescence intensity of LYSO in the form of static bursting and non-radiative energy transfer. The thermodynamic examination of fluorescence data revealed that the reaction occurs naturally, primarily attributed to van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. Moreover, studies using synchronized and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy UV spectroscopy, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy have shown that SP binding influences the structure of LYSO. Molecular docking showed that SP can spontaneously bind to amino acid residues Thr151 and Arg154 of LYSO through hydrogen bonding, thus reinforcing the validity of the experimental outcomes. The research offers theoretical backing for employing SP and LYSO in inhibiting bacteria.