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This paper presents a novel variable stiffness mechanism, namely the SBTDTS (Spinal Biomimetic Two-Dimensional Tensegrity Structure), which is constructed by integrating bioinspiration derived from biological spinal structures with the T-Bar mechanical design within tensegrity structures. A method for determining the torsional stiffness of the SBTDTS around a virtual rotational center is established based on parallel mechanism theory. The relationship between various structural parameters is analyzed through multiple sets of typical parameter combinations. Ultimately, the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm is employed to identify the optimal combination of structural parameters for maximizing the stiffness ratio, Kθ_time, of SBTDTS under different constraint conditions. This optimal configuration is then compared with the RAPRPM (a type of rotational parallel mechanism) under different values of μ, with an analysis of the distinct advantages of both variable stiffness structures.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10020084 | DOI Listing |
Gels
August 2025
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
Hydrogels with spatially programmable mechanical properties hold great potential for use in biomedical applications. Inspired by the architecture of the cytoskeleton, we present a strategy for constructing tensegrity-structured hydrogels (TS-Gels) through enzyme-triggered crystal growth to enable precise mechanospatial manipulation. Specifically, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was covalently anchored to a polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel matrix to catalyze the in situ dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine precursors, leading to the formation of rigid tyrosine crystals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiosystems
October 2025
Ezekiel Biomechanics Group, 8608 Dixie Place, McLean, VA, 22102, USA.
Biotensegrity models living systems in ways that were inconceivable in the past but has taken some time to become widely accepted because of its challenges to generally accepted wisdom. Orthodox biomechanics is essentially based on mechanistic models from the seventeenth century and allowed over-simplified representations of anatomy and motion to persist to the present day, with the approximations and assumptions inherent within its methods routinely overlooked. Living organisms, however, are hugely complex, intrinsically indeterminate and exist in states that are far from equilibrium, and although their simplification within the machine model has enabled great progress in the mapping of structure to function - and benefitted our healthcare systems in remarkable ways - it has also obfuscated the foundational basis for stability, motion and life itself.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChaos
August 2025
School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Recent studies have demonstrated that the dynamics of physical systems can be utilized for the desired information processing under the framework of physical reservoir computing (PRC). Robots with soft bodies are examples of such physical systems, and their nonlinear body-environment dynamics can be used to compute and generate the motor signals necessary for the control of their own behavior. In this simulation study, we extend this approach to control and embed not only one but also multiple behaviors into a type of soft robot called a tensegrity robot.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
July 2025
Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
In the biological world, materials are often heterogeneous and anisotropic, comprising components with very different elastic properties. The resulting structures are exposed to force generation by chemo-mechanical energy conversion-such as water absorption, phase separation, or crystallization. Such phenomena may result in strain misfits that generate internal stresses that store elastic energies, which turn out to be extremely useful for enabling functions such as shape change, locomotion, or predation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
July 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
Calcium plays a major role in all cellular functions, and its regulation is important in all aspects of human health. This key role calcium plays in cell function can be traced to its unique molecular coordination geometry, which is often overlooked in understanding calcium function. In this review, we integrate calcium's ability to form various complexes with proteins and small molecules with its role as a key signaling atom.
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