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In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), close cohabitation with animals and limited access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure increase the risk of zoonotic enteric pathogen transmission to young children. This mixed-methods study combined (A) microbiological analysis of 120 animal fecal samples, and (B) go-along, semi-structured interviews with 35 mothers of children under two years across urban, intermediate, and rural communities in Ecuador to investigate: (Q1) What zoonotic enteric pathogens are present in animal feces and at what concentrations? (Q2) How are children exposed to animals and their feces? and (Q3) Which animals may serve as key sources of child? Microbiological analysis revealed high prevalence and concentrations of zoonotic pathogens, most commonly aEPEC (57%), sp. (36%), and STEC (25%), with frequent co-infections (33%) and concentrations (4.
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Preterm birth (PTB; < 37 weeks) affects 10 % of pregnancies and is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Whether maternal high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection contributes to spontaneous PTB is unsettled. Romania, with Europe's highest cervical-cancer burden, offers a relevant setting to explore this association.
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Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Background: Tetanus, Diphtheria and acellular Pertussis (Tdap) vaccination during pregnancy blunts the infant humoral immune response following primary immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). While this effect typically resolves after the booster dose for most vaccine serotypes, its impact on nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes remains unclear.
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Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Maternal vaginal and rectal colonization by (group B streptococcus, GBS) is the main risk factor for the development of newborn early-onset GBS disease (GBS-EOD). Much effort is in place for its prevention, including the development of vaccines. Currently, both a hexavalent glycoconjugate GBS vaccine against the most prevalent serotypes and a protein subunit vaccine have completed phase two clinical trials.
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