The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of respiratory pathogens isolated from feedlot cattle in Canada.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in , , and isolated from healthy feedlot cattle over 2 years, and investigate factors potentially associated with recovery of resistant isolates.

Methods: Deep-guarded nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were used to sample feedlot cattle in multiple randomly selected feedlots (2019  = 21, 2020  = 26) at 2 timepoints. NP swabs were collected from 16 animals in each enrolled group upon entry processing and later in the feeding period. Cattle from the same groups (not necessarily the same animals) were sampled at both timepoints. Susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution.

Results: A total of 1,392 cattle within 47 housing groups were sampled over 2 years, providing 625 bacterial isolates for investigation. (27.4%) was the most frequently isolated BRD organism, followed by (9%) and (8.5%). Resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes was detected in 2.4% of , 3.4% of , and 21.3% of isolates. Potential associations were investigated between recovery of resistant organisms and time of year at sampling (quarter), sampling timepoint (arrival or second sample), days on feed (DOF) at sampling, animal age categories, and BRD risk categories. There was a significant ( 0.05) increase in resistance prevalence after arrival for macrolide drugs in , and for ampicillin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, spectinomycin, gamithromycin, tildipirosin, tulathromycin and tetracycline in isolates. Resistance was higher in calves than in yearlings for tulathromycin in , and for gamithromycin, spectinomycin, tulathromycin, tildipirosin, and tetracycline for ( < 0.05) Resistance to tetracycline, tildipirosin, and tulathromycin decreased between 61-80 DOF and 81-100 DOF when compared to 20-40 DOF, whereas for spectinomycin, resistance was lower in cattle sampled between 61-80 DOF than those sampled at 20-40 DOF for .

Discussion: The diversity of AMR profiles and associated risk factors between the BRD pathogens studied, underscores the importance of including all three organisms in future AMR studies in beef cattle.