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Neurodevelopmental impairments associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) may arise from perturbations in brain developmental pathways, including the formation of sulcal patterns. While genetic factors contribute to sulcal features, the association of noncoding variants (ncDNVs) with sulcal patterns in people with CHD remains poorly understood. Leveraging deep learning models, we examined the predicted impact of ncDNVs on gene regulatory signals. Predicted impact was compared between participants with CHD and a jointly called cohort without CHD. We then assessed the relationship of the predicted impact of ncDNVs with their sulcal folding patterns. ncDNVs predicted to increase H3K9me2 modification were associated with larger disruptions in right parietal sulcal patterns in the CHD cohort. Genes predicted to be regulated by these ncDNVs were enriched for functions related to neuronal development. This highlights the potential of deep learning models to generate hypotheses about the role of noncoding variants in brain development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.111707 | DOI Listing |
Background: One of the most persistent questions in autism research is why males are more consistently diagnosed than females. Neuroimaging studies have sought to understand this disparity by examining sex differences, primarily through functional and structural connectivity. However, much less is known about how brain networks are organized in autism from a morphological perspective, and how this organization may help explain its sex-related characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Brain Mapp
September 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, USA.
Understanding the development of complex brain surface morphologies during the fetal stage is essential for uncovering mechanisms underlying brain disorders linked to abnormal cortical folding. However, knowledge of the spatiotemporal evolution of fetal brain landmarks remains limited due to the lack of longitudinal data capturing multiple timepoints for individual brains. In this study, we develop and validate an image-based true-scale mechanical model to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of brain sulcal pits in individual fetal brains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurol Ther
August 2025
Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
Introduction: Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (pmSAH) is a rare, typically benign subtype of non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). While the majority of patients demonstrate a positive recovery trajectory, a subset of patients experiences complications, including vasospasm, hydrocephalus, or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Reliable imaging markers for risk stratification are lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
July 2025
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
For centuries, anatomists have charted the folding patterns of the sulci of the cerebral cortex in primates. Improvements in neuroimaging technologies over the past decades have led to advancements in understanding of the sulcal organization of the human cerebral cortex, yet comparisons to chimpanzees, one of humans' closest extant phylogenetic relatives, remain to be performed in many regions, such as superior temporal cortex. For example, while several posterior branches, or rami, of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) have been identified in great apes since the late 1800s, no study has yet to comprehensively identify and quantitatively compare these rami across species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuron
August 2025
Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine,
Intracortical arterioles are key locations for blood flow regulation and oxygen supply in the brain and are critical to brain health and disease. However, imaging such small (<100-μm-sized) vessels in humans is challenging. Here, using non-human primates as a model, we developed a capability for imaging microvasculature in vivo with a clinical 7 T MRI scanner.
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