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The relatively low representation of admixed populations in both discovery and fine-tuning individual-level datasets limits polygenic risk score (PRS) development and equitable clinical translation for admixed populations. Under the assumption that the most informative PRS weight for a homogeneous sample varies linearly in an ancestry continuum space, we introduce a Genetic tance-assisted PRS mbination Pipeline for erse Genetic ncestrie () to interpolate a harmonized PRS for diverse, especially admixed, ancestries, leveraging multiple PRS weights fine-tuned within single-ancestry samples and genetic distance. DiscoDivas treats ancestry as a continuous variable and does not require shifting between different models when calculating PRS for different ancestries. We generated PRS with DiscoDivas and the current conventional method, i.e. fine-tuning multiple GWAS PRS using the matched or similar ancestry samples. DiscoDivas generated a harmonized PRS of the accuracy comparable to or higher than the conventional approach, with the greatest advantage exhibited in admixed individuals.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.09.24316996 | DOI Listing |
Polygenic scores (PGS) have promising clinical applications for risk stratification, disease screening, and personalized medicine. However, most PGS are trained on predominantly European ancestry cohorts and have limited portability to external populations. While cross-population PGS methods have demonstrated greater generalizability than single-ancestry PGS, they fail to properly account for individuals with recent admixture between continental ancestry groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Hum Genet
August 2025
Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address:
The increasing availability of diverse biobanks has enabled multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to enhance the discovery of genetic variants across traits and diseases. However, the choice of an optimal method remains debated, due to challenges in statistical power differences across ancestral groups and approaches to account for population structure. Two primary strategies exist: (1) pooled analysis, which combines individuals from all genetic backgrounds into a single dataset while adjusting for population stratification using principal components, increasing the sample size and statistical power but requiring careful control of population stratification; and (2) meta-analysis, which performs ancestry-group-specific GWASs and subsequently combines summary statistics, potentially capturing fine-scale population structure but facing limitations in handling admixed individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Genet Genomics
September 2025
Department of Bioscience, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade de Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Variant classification in genetic testing often culminates in "uncertain" calls, known as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), which remain a major clinical challenge. Among the established criteria for variant classification, population allele frequency (AF) is fundamental, yet under-representation of non-European groups hinders accurate interpretation. In this study, we evaluated the impact of population-specific AF on the reclassification of VUS and conflicting variants in hereditary cancer genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCerebellum
September 2025
Human Genetics Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of the State of Amazonas - Avenida Carvalho Leal, 1777, Manaus, 69065-001, AM, Brazil.
The Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCAs) are a group of hereditary neurodegenerative diseases that show a variable distribution among distinct ethnicities and geographic regions. In Brazil, a large and highly admixed country, the prevalence of SCAs has been investigated mostly in limited areas. Here we characterized the frequencies of SCA types in the state of Amazonas, as well as the geographic origin of SCA families, and compared them to the literature data available about the frequency of SCAs in other Brazilian regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anim Ecol
September 2025
Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Inbreeding and the associated increase in homozygosity and potential accumulation of deleterious alleles may reduce fitness in a process known as inbreeding depression. Mechanisms to mitigate reproduction between close relatives, ranging from pre-mating mate choice to post-mating gamete selection, have evolved across taxa. In external fertilisers like Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), where females have limited control over paternity, mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance can be expected to evolve at the gamete level.
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