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Genetic screens were performed across PPARG to study how disruptive mutations across the full coding sequence affect function. An alternative translational start site in PPARG generates a truncated isoform, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) M135, which lacks the N-terminal activation function 1 (AF-1) domain and shows increased agonist-induced transactivation of target genes. In human carriers of rare PPARG variants, AF-1 domain-disrupting genetic variants increase agonist-induced PPARγ activity and decrease metabolic syndrome severity. Targeting the AF-1 domain is a potential therapeutic strategy for insulin sensitization.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db24-0497 | DOI Listing |
Cell Biochem Biophys
June 2025
Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Gliomas, the primary brain tumors, are derived from glial cells and encompass the majority of malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS). CNS is an important target for androgens, which act through the intercession of androgen receptor (AR). AR signaling following activation of AR plays an important role in the growth of tumors and AR expression is altered in many cancers including glioma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
May 2025
Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, and The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458.
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 catalyzes the - isomerization of proline peptide bonds, a noncovalent posttranslational modification that influences cellular and molecular processes, including protein-protein interactions. Pin1 is a two-domain enzyme containing a WW domain that recognizes phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pS/pT-P) canonical motifs and an enzymatic PPIase domain that catalyzes proline - isomerization of pS/pT-P motifs. Here, we show that Pin1 uses a tethering mechanism to bind and catalyze proline - isomerization of a noncanonical motif in the disordered N-terminal activation function-1 (AF-1) domain of the human nuclear receptor PPARγ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes
April 2025
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
Genetic screens were performed across PPARG to study how disruptive mutations across the full coding sequence affect function. An alternative translational start site in PPARG generates a truncated isoform, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) M135, which lacks the N-terminal activation function 1 (AF-1) domain and shows increased agonist-induced transactivation of target genes. In human carriers of rare PPARG variants, AF-1 domain-disrupting genetic variants increase agonist-induced PPARγ activity and decrease metabolic syndrome severity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Sci
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan, 70456.
Results of retinoid-based therapies in head and neck cancer (HNC) are generally disappointing, indicating a lack of understanding of retinoic acid signaling. The role of retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) and its isoforms in HNC is yet to be established. In this study, we found that RARγ1, 2, 4 are the predominant RARγ isoforms expressed in various types of human cancers, including HNC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
October 2024
Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) clarified the quaternary structure of the DNA complex of coactivator-bound estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), revealing the adjacency of the N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD). ERα-NTD and LBD constitute activation function 1 (AF-1) and activation function 2 (AF-2), respectively. These domains are essential for transcription activation.
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