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A novel monomer, 9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene di(mercaptopropionate), with a highly refractive index, purity, and excellent UV-curable properties, is synthesized through an optimized Fischer esterification process, reacting 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene with 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The structural characterization of this monomer is performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The synthesis conditions are optimized using a design-of-experiments approach. UV-curable resins are obtained by incorporating the synthesized monomer as the thiol component. The effects of thiol content on the UV-curing behavior, refractive index, shrinkage, adhesion to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil, and viscoelastic recovery are examined. The thermal properties are assessed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy confirms the successful replication of the prism film. In edge-lit light-emitting diode (LED) backlight units, the prism film showed increased luminance with higher thiol monomer content in the UV-curable resin while maintaining stable color coordinates. This novel highly refractive index monomer can be utilized in luminance-enhancing prism films, thereby contributing to future innovations in the display film industry.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11723285 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym17010076 | DOI Listing |
We consider the coupling of bulk space-time-structured waves, such as spatiotemporal vortex pulses (STVPs), to surface waves, such as surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs). For resonant coupling that preserves the frequency and tangent wavevector components, it is challenging to transfer the space-time wave structure because of the difference between the bulk and surface-wave dispersions. We describe three mechanisms allowing for the bulk-to-surface conversion of STVPs: (i) a suitable tilt of the pulse spectrum in the (,) space; (ii) confinement of the incident pulse in the direction orthogonal to the vortex; and (iii) the losses in surface waves.
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August 2025
Basic Teaching Department of Sichuan Film and Television University, chengdu, 610036, China.
6G-based feedback systems are essential in developing overall athletic performance via timely data relayed to coaches and athletes. This study explored the feasibility of implementing 6G technology in an optically transparent sensor system for sports applications and how these systems may affect athlete performance. The sensor system was designed to incorporate optical gates and motion sensors placed at the starting point, middle, and turning positions (left and right).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
August 2025
INQUISUR - CONICET, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca B8000CPB, Argentina.
The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in medical applications highlights the need for thorough studies of their health effects, particularly at the cellular level. Due to the complexity of replicating real cell membranes, Langmuir monolayers (LMs) are employed as simplified models of the initial biological barrier. These systems allow for controlled conditions to investigate molecular behavior at the membrane interface, offering insights into the fundamental mechanisms involved.
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April 2025
Electrical Engineering Department, Center of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
The lossy mode resonance (LMR) effect is generated by coupling between an evanescent wave from an optical waveguide and a lossy mode guided in the thin film. This effect presents a response to the variations in the refractive index of the surrounding medium similar to that obtained through the surface plasmon resonance effect. The sensors based on LMR effect have large number of applications on detection of physical, chemical and biological parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
October 2025
Department of Physics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Electronic address:
In this study, a fast response, real time, accurate, and non destructive alcohol detection method using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique was purposed. The SPR measurement was performed using 5-layers Krestchmann configuration with a layer structure of prism/Au thin film/FeO/rGO nanocomposite/alcohol compounds/air. The FeO/rGO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using the green route utilizing Moringa oleifera and Amaranthus viridis leaf extract.
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