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The central amygdala (CeA) has emerged as an important brain region for regulating both negative (fear and anxiety) and positive (reward) affective behaviors. The CeA has been proposed to encode affective information in the form of valence (whether the stimulus is good or bad) or salience (how significant is the stimulus), but the extent to which these two types of stimulus representation occur in the CeA is not known. Here, we used single cell calcium imaging in mice during appetitive and aversive conditioning and found that majority of CeA neurons (~65%) encode the valence of the unconditioned stimulus (US) with a smaller subset of cells (~15%) encoding the salience of the US. Valence and salience encoding of the conditioned stimulus (CS) was also observed, albeit to a lesser extent. These findings show that the CeA is a site of convergence for encoding oppositely valenced US information.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.101980 | DOI Listing |
Front Syst Neurosci
August 2025
Sagol Department of Neuroscience, The Integrated Brain and Behavior Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Measuring precise emotional tagging for taste information, with or without the use of words, is challenging. While affective taste valence and salience are core components of emotional experiences, traditional behavioral assays for taste preference, which often rely on cumulative consumption, lack the resolution to distinguish between different affective states, such as innate versus learned aversion, which are known to be mediated by distinct neural circuits. To overcome this limitation, we developed an open-source system for high-resolution microstructural analysis of licking behavior in freely moving mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Psychol
August 2025
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Awe is a complex emotion that encompasses conflicting affective feelings inherent to its key appraisals, but it has been studied as either a positive or a negative emotion, which has made its ambivalent nature underexplored. To address whether and how awe's ambivalent affect is represented both behaviorally and neurologically, we conducted a study using virtual reality (VR) and electroencephalography (N = 43). Behaviorally, the subjective ratings of awe intensity for VR clips were accurately predicted by the duration and intensity of ambivalent feelings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging Neurosci (Camb)
June 2025
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.
The ability to predict others' behavior is crucial for social interactions. The goal of the present study was to test whether predictions are derived during observation of social interactions and how these predictions influence the whole-body emotional expressions of the agents are perceived. Using a novel paradigm, we induced social predictions in participants by presenting them with a short video of a social interaction in which a person approached another person and greeted him by touching the shoulder in either a neutral or an aggressive fashion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging Neurosci (Camb)
October 2024
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Learning which stimuli in our environment co-occur with painful or pleasurable events is critical for survival. Previous research has established the basic neural and behavioral mechanisms of aversive and appetitive conditioning; however, it is unclear precisely what information content is learned. Here we examined the degree to which aspects of the unconditioned stimulus (US)-sensory information versus affective salience-are transferred to the conditioned stimulus (CS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging Neurosci (Camb)
October 2024
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) are classically viewed as key mediators in reward processing, while noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus (LC) are thought to modulate (negative) saliency processing. However, this conventional distinction is being revised by more recent research in animals. To explore the respective contributions of both the LC and SN/VTA in reward and valence processing in humans, we assessed fMRI data during stimulus encoding and response phase of a rewarded emotion-discrimination task (n = 38).
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