Microfluidic-based electrically driven particle manipulation techniques for biomedical applications.

Microfluidic chips exhibit unique advantages in both economy and rapidity, particularly for the separation and detection of biomolecules. In this review, we first introduced the mechanisms of several electrically driven methods, such as electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, electro-wetting and electro-rotation. We then discussed in detail the application of these methods in nucleic acid analysis, protein manipulation and cell treatment. In addition, we outlined the considerations for material selection, manufacturing processes and structural design of microfluidic chips based on electrically driven mechanisms.