strains associated with bone prosthesis infections cannot evade the host immune system.

Introduction: is a commensal skin bacterium that is involved in bone prosthesis infections (BPIs) and presents low-grade clinical symptoms. has been thought to escape the immune system at bone sites.

Material And Methods: Our study was carried out on a laboratory strain and two BPI-related clinical strains, one of which surprisingly induced clinical symptoms of inflammation in the patient. We investigated the ability of these strains to trigger human primary neutrophils (PMN) response through inflammatory mediators measurements (antibody arrays, ELISA, RT-qPCR, zymography) and activation status assessment (flow cytometry), and to induce PMN recruitment from the bloodstream in mice air-pouch model. PMN-mediated inflammation was also studied in an original model mimetic of an infected bone site that combine titanium alloy, human primary osteoblasts, human primary neutrophils and strains.

Results: We demonstrated for the first time that both planktonic and biofilm cultures, triggered an effective immune response by neutrophils and their recruitment . This host response was enhanced when using a strain from a patient with inflammatory signs. In an original infected prosthesis mimetic model, osteoblasts and neutrophils were able to detect , but their response to the clinical inflammatory strain decreased.

Conclusion: This work provides the first evidence showing that the immune cell response to pathogenic may be tuned by nonimmune cells at the infected site, such as osteoblasts, which may promote bacterial persistence.