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New substances intended for human consumption must undergo extensive preclinical safety pharmacology testing prior to approval. These tests encompass the evaluation of effects on the central nervous system, which is highly sensitive to chemical substances. With the growing understanding of the species-specific characteristics of human neural cells and advancements in machine learning technology, the development of effective and efficient methods for the initial screening of chemical effects on human neural function using machine learning platforms is anticipated. In this study, we employed a deep learning model to analyze calcium dynamics in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells, which were exposed to various concentrations of four representative chemicals. We report that this approach offers a reliable and concise method for quantitatively classifying the effects of chemical exposures and predicting potential harm to human neural cells.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616611 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.111298 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
September 2025
Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
For effective treatment of bacterial infections, it is essential to identify the species causing the infection as early as possible. Current methods typically require hours of overnight culturing of a bacterial sample and a larger quantity of cells to function effectively. This study uses one-hour phase-contrast time-lapses of single-cell bacterial growth collected from microfluidic chip traps, also known as a "mother machine".
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Comput Biol
September 2025
Department of Mathematical and Computational Methods, National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petrópolis, Brazil.
Understanding cerebral circulation is crucial for early diagnosis and patient-oriented therapies for brain conditions. However, blood flow simulations at the organ scale have been limited. This work introduces a framework for modeling extensive vascular networks in the human cerebral cortex and conducting pulsatile blood flow simulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Geriatric Medicine Center, Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Background: In recent years, with the expanding use of novel therapeutics such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, reports of drug-induced vitiligo have been increasing. This study aimed to identify drugs associated with vitiligo using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Methods: A retrospective disproportionality analysis was performed on FAERS reports from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2024.
PLoS One
September 2025
School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems for color fundus images play a critical role in the early detection of fundus diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disorders. Although deep learning has substantially advanced automatic segmentation techniques in this field, several challenges persist, such as limited labeled datasets, significant structural variations in blood vessels, and persistent dataset discrepancies, which continue to hinder progress. These challenges lead to inconsistent segmentation performance, particularly for small vessels and branch regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Department of Pathology, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
Cervical cancer remains a significant cause of female mortality worldwide, primarily due to abnormal cell growth in the cervix. This study proposes an automated classification method to enhance detection accuracy and efficiency, addressing contrast and noise issues in traditional diagnostic approaches. The impact of image enhancement on classification performance is evaluated by comparing transfer learning-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models trained on both original and enhanced images.
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