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The use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 RA (GIP/GLP-1 RA) classes has increased substantially over the past several years for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. Increased demand for these pharmacotherapies has resulted in temporary product shortages for both GLP-1 RA and dual GIP/GLP-1 RA medications. These shortages, in part, have led to entities producing and marketing compounded formulations that bypass regulatory measures, raising safety, quality, and efficacy concerns. Even as shortages resolve, compounded GLP-1 RA and GIP/GLP-1 RA products continue to be heavily marketed to people with diabetes and obesity. The purpose of this statement by the American Diabetes Association is to guide health care professionals and people with diabetes and/or obesity in these circumstances of medication unavailability to promote optimal care and medication use safety.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dci24-0091 | DOI Listing |
Osteoporos Int
September 2025
Department of Rheumatology, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, 59000, Lille, France.
Medications like liraglutide 3.0 mg daily (Saxenda®; Novo Nordisk) and semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly (Wegovy®; Novo Nordisk), which are glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra), have been sanctioned for prolonged weight management in people living with obesity (PwO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObes Pillars
December 2025
University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, USA.
Background: Organ transplant is a rapidly growing area of medicine, with over 42,800 organ transplants occurring in 2022.[1] Obesity complicates the transplant surgery process; historically, the only available treatment for patients with both severe obesity and end-organ damage requiring transplant was bariatric surgery. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) agonists (such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, respectively) may offer a non-surgical alternative to weight management prior to transplant surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Metab Res Rev
September 2025
Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) substantially increases cardiovascular risk, with endothelial dysfunction as its central pathological mechanism. This review summarises the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in CKD and highlights recent advances in treatment strategies. The pathophysiology of endothelial injuries involves a complex network of multiple factors and mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, glycocalyx damage, ischaemia, hypoxia, cellular senescence and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Metab Res Rev
September 2025
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
Overweight and obesity represent common chronic metabolic disorders in the general population, and observed trends describe a substantial growth in the prevalence of weight excess also among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the so-called 'lean phenotype' of diabetes. The sharp rise of weight excess and obesity-related cardio-nephron-metabolic burdens observed in T2D is expected to produce similar consequences in T1D, leading to the urgent need to endorse therapeutic protocols as in most parts of the World no adjunctive treatments are approved for T1D, making weight excess management challenging in these individuals. The notable results shown by newer glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and emerging dual agonists, especially while managing cardio-metabolic burdens, in T2D have encouraged fervent anecdotal and non-anecdotal research also in T1D, indicating that non-insulin injective agents can be effective and safe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep
July 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical City Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA.
Summary: Hypercalcemia is a prevalent electrolyte disturbance commonly associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, cancer, or medication adverse effects. Thiazide diuretics reduce urinary calcium excretion, increasing calcium reabsorption and hypercalcemia. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, is increasingly used for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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