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Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D TTE) and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) are regarded as the main imaging techniques for the assessment of degenerative mitral valve regurgitation (DMVR). However, describing the complex morphology of DMVR with 2D TTE and 2D TEE remains at the very least challenging. Three-dimensional (3D) TEE is an ideal technique for illustrating the extremely variable morphology of DMVR, providing images of unparalleled quality in terms of anatomical detail. In this review, we describe the key role of 3D TEE in various morphological scenarios that reflect everyday experiences in an echocardiographic laboratory. We also discuss the growing role of 3D TEE in mitral valve (MV) transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) and new modalities such as photorealistic and transparent displays, surface rendering parametric color maps, new algorithms for MVR quantification, and the potential role of new mini-TEE probes in adult patients with DMVR.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11110342 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
August 2025
Neuroanesthesia, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, IND.
Introduction: Maintaining hemodynamic stability during the perioperative period of major neurosurgical procedures is of paramount importance. A major challenge for anesthesiologists during hemodynamic fluctuations is identifying the underlying cause to guide appropriate therapy. Limited literature is available on the utility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during hemodynamic fluctuations in major neurosurgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Electrocardiol
September 2025
Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: Interatrial block (IAB) is an electrocardiographic manifestation of atrial conduction delay and structural remodeling. While it has been linked to atrial fibrillation (AF) and thromboembolic events, its potential role in predicting left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus formation remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between IAB and the presence of LAA thrombus in patients with nonvalvular AF (NVAF) or atrial flutter referred for rhythm control procedures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScand Cardiovasc J
December 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
Background: Interventional left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) was developed as a treatment option for patients who cannot receive traditional anticoagulation therapies. To date, randomized study data on this treatment are still limited, so registries and other non-randomized studies may help define the role of LAAO in clinical practice.
Design: We performed LAAO consecutively on 599 patients.
Cancers (Basel)
August 2025
Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation and holds promise as a therapeutic strategy against cancers with elevated iron metabolism. However, many tumors evade ferroptosis through the upregulation of specialized antioxidant defense mechanisms. Here, we investigated ferroptosis susceptibility and resistance mechanisms in TSC models and in ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, aiming to identify potential therapeutic targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
August 2025
Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia. Electronic address:
The role of plastics is well-documented in the literature reflecting on its impact on a global economy, planetary and human health. However, there is an urgent need for additional studies analysing their carbon emissions and ways to handle them. This short communication discusses the measures needed to understand and mitigate plastics' carbon footprint while paving a path toward cleaner, sustainable and circular plastic industry.
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