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Photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) represents a scanning probe technique renowned for its ability to provide high-resolution spectroscopic imaging at the nanoscale. It capitalizes on the amplification of tip motion by photo-induced forces, which are influenced by the response of the local medium, spanning from induced dipole interactions to thermal expansion. The behaviors of these force responses exhibit complexity in connection with both far-field and near-field effects, depending on their spectroscopic origins. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of prior research endeavors, shedding light on their technical intricacies. We provide the perspectives of photo-induced dipole force and photo-induced thermal force, while exploring the dynamic PiFM modes associated with each scenario. Our article targets individuals newly venturing into this field, offering a blend of theoretical foundations and practical demonstrations covering a range from fundamental principles to advanced topics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-024-04150-1 | DOI Listing |
Small Methods
August 2025
Material Property Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
Exosomes play critical roles in cancer diagnosis and treatment as they carry molecular information that reflects the epigenetic state of their parent cells. For the first time, nanoscale epigenetic profiling of individual exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cell lines is demonstrated via photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM). Exosomes from three cell lines with distinct CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status are analyzed at the single-vesicle level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale
July 2025
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico.
Understanding the relationship between the local chemical structure and photoluminescence (PL) in graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and nitrogen-functionalized GQDs (N-GQDs) is critical for their advancement in optoelectronics, sensing, and bioimaging. Ensemble measurements mask the structural and functional heterogeneity intrinsic to these quasi-zero-dimensional systems. Here, we employed single-particle photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) to chemically map individual GQDs and N-GQDs, revealing diverse surface functional groups and bonding architectures that are obscured in bulk analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploration (Beijing)
June 2025
Recent advances indicate the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity of semiconductors is generally lower than that of noble metal substrates, and developing ultra-sensitive semiconductor SERS substrates is an urgent task. Here, SnS with better SERS performance is screened out from sulfides and selenides by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Through adjusting the concentration of reactants to control the growth driving force without any surfactants or templates, SnS nanostrctures of stacked nanosheets (SNSs), microspheres (MSs) and microflowers (MFs) are developed, which all exhibit ultra-low limit of detections (LODs) of 10, 10, and 10 M, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistryOpen
June 2025
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
Microplastics (MPs) experience photo-induced surface modification in sunlit waters, yet the implications for contaminant binding differ fundamentally for biodegradable and conventional MPs. To simulate submerged aging, biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and nondegradable polystyrene (PS) are exposed to ultraviolet A irradiation and river water for 30 days. Aged PBAT shows significant surface oxidation, including a 16% decrease in carbonyl index, a reversal of ζ-potential from slightly positive to -50 mV, and an increase in tetracycline (TC) sorption kinetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Adv
June 2025
Air Force Research Laboratory, Polymer Branch (AFRL/RXNP) Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-7750 USA
A convergent synthetic strategy to high-persistence length helicenes a regioselective and scalable menthyloxycarbonato-[4]-helicene synthon accessed in 84% yield is reported. To demonstrate the utility of the [4]-helicene building block, bis(menthyloxycarbonato)-[11]-helicene diastereomers were prepared palladium-mediated cross-couplings, followed by a Mallory-type photo-induced annulation reaction. Our synthetic strategy leverages Stille and Heck couplings to synthesize bis(aryl)ethene precursors that exhibit preferential formation of helical products 6π-electrocyclization.
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