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Neonates are susceptible to seizures due to their unique physiology and combination of risks associated with gestation, delivery, and the immediate postnatal period. Advances in neonatal care have improved outcomes for some of our most fragile patients, but there are persistent challenges for epileptologists in identifying neonatal seizures, diagnosing etiologies, and providing the most appropriate care, with an ultimate goal to maximize patient outcomes. In just the last few years, there have been critical advances in the state of the science, as well as new evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis, classification, and treatment of neonatal seizures. This review will provide updated knowledge about the pathophysiology of neonatal seizures, classification of the provoked seizures and neonatal epilepsies, state of the art guidance on EEG monitoring in the neonatal ICU, current treatment guidelines for neonatal seizures, and potential for future advancement in treatment.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562284 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15357597241253382 | DOI Listing |
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol
September 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Background: Studies show that foetal and birthweight-for-gestational age centiles are poor predictors of serious neonatal morbidity and neonatal mortality (SNMM) in univariable models.
Objective: We assessed the predictive performance of multivariable SNMM models based on maternal/pregnancy characteristics, with and without birthweight centiles.
Methods: The study was based on all live births in the United States, 2019-2021, with data obtained from the period live birth-infant death files of the National Center for Health Statistics.
Childs Nerv Syst
September 2025
Department of Pediatrics, NAMO Medical Education and Research Institute, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India.
Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by the ingestion of Taenia solium eggs, typically through the consumption of undercooked pork or contaminated water. Recognized as a leading preventable cause of epilepsy, NCC poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in developing nations such as India. This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations, radiological characteristics, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, and follow-up outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with NCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Case Rep
September 2025
Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder characterized by intractable seizures responsive to pyridoxine. We present the case of an 11-day-old female neonate with a history of refractory multifocal seizures beginning on day three of life, accompanied by hepatomegaly, metabolic acidosis, elevated serum ammonia and lactate, and abnormal liver function tests. Despite multiple antiepileptic and metabolic treatments, seizures persisted, and the infant developed progressive metabolic disturbances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpileptic Disord
September 2025
Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
Introduction: Neurologic complications, including seizures, are common in pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery, especially those requiring postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), requiring prompt, vigilant postoperative monitoring. Prolonged EEG monitoring in critically ill children presents a risk of scalp/pressure injuries. The skin's sensitivity to microcirculatory changes can also provide valuable insights into the patient's overall tissue perfusion, making it a critical component in the management of these vulnerable patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pediatr
September 2025
Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Istituto Di Neuropsichiatria Infantile "G. Bollea", Via Dei Sabelli 108, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Unlabelled: Neonatal status epilepticus (NSE) is associated with poor survival and adverse neurological outcomes. However, current definitions only partially account for the unique pathophysiology of the neonatal brain and the clinical context of acute symptomatic seizures. To address this gap, international efforts are underway to develop a more specific and context-appropriate definition for the neonatal period.
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