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Pleural Effusion Formation Linked to Altered Transporter Expression Involved in Alveolar Fluid Clearance: Insights From the Monocrotaline Model of Pulmonary Hypertension.
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Pleural effusions (PLEF) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), particularly in patients with isolated right heart failure, are associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality. This study investigates changes in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) transporter expression in relation to lung fluid accumulation and PLEF formation during PAH progression, as well as the effects of terbutaline (TER) and riociguat (RIO) treatment. Using a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) rat model, we performed a detailed molecular analysis of AFC transporter expression at different disease stages, both before and after PH development.
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Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) occurs in 4%-12% of patients with cirrhosis and rarely presents without accompanying evidence of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). We report the case of a 65-year-old man with cirrhosis without prior decompensation, congestive heart failure, and recurrent right-sided pleural effusion. CSPH was not otherwise observed despite thorough laboratory, radiologic, and endoscopic evaluation.
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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is commonly described in individuals recovering from immunosuppression, particularly in HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. However, a similar rebound phenomenon can occur postpartum, a period marked by a shift from an immunotolerant to a pro-inflammatory state. IRIS in this context is underrecognized and may present atypically, complicating timely diagnosis.
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