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In minimally invasive procedures such as biopsies and prostate cancer brachytherapy, accurate needle placement remains challenging due to limitations in current tracking methods related to interference, reliability, resolution or image contrast. This often leads to frequent needle adjustments and reinsertions. To address these shortcomings, we introduce an optimized needle shape-sensing method using a fully distributed grating-based sensor. The proposed method uses simple trigonometric and geometric modeling of the fiber using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), without requiring prior knowledge of tissue properties or needle deflection shape and amplitude. Our optimization process includes a reproducible calibration process and a novel tip curvature compensation method. We validate our approach through experiments in artificial isotropic and inhomogeneous animal tissues, establishing ground truth using 3D stereo vision and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquisitions, respectively. Our results yield an average RMSE ranging from 0.58 ± 0.21 mm to 0.66 ± 0.20 mm depending on the chosen spatial resolution, achieving the submillimeter accuracy required for interventional procedures.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra57147.2024.10610256 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Public Health Surveill
September 2025
Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea, 82 2-2286-1169.
Background: Scrub typhus (ST), also known as tsutsugamushi disease, is a common febrile vector-borne illness in South Korea, transmitted by trombiculid mites infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi, with rodents serving as the main hosts. Although vector-borne diseases like ST require both a One Health approach and a spatiotemporal perspective to fully understand their complex dynamics, previous studies have often lacked integrated analyses that simultaneously address disease dynamics, vectors, and environmental shifts.
Objective: We aimed to explore spatiotemporal trends, high-risk areas, and risk factors of ST by simultaneously incorporating host and environmental information.
J Chem Theory Comput
September 2025
Materials DX Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
The quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method is a powerful approach for investigating solid surfaces in contact with various types of media, since it allows for flexible modeling of complex interfaces while maintaining an all-atom representation. The mean-field QM/MM method is an average reaction field model within the QM/MM framework. The method addresses the challenges associated with the statistical sampling of interfacial atomic configurations of a medium and enables efficient calculation of free energies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Nutr
August 2025
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, with abdominal fat, particularly visceral fat, closely associated with its onset and progression. While the lipid accumulation product (LAP) has been linked to COPD risk, it is not sufficient to fully reflect the level of visceral fat. In contrast, the body roundness index (BRI), a more accurate measure of abdominal fat distribution, has not been fully explored in relation to COPD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurosci
August 2025
Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China.
Hypocretin, also known as orexin, is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates essential physiological processes including arousal, energy metabolism, feeding behavior, and emotional states. Through widespread projections and two G-protein-coupled receptors-HCRT-1R and HCRT-2R-the hypocretin system exerts diverse modulatory effects across the central nervous system. The role of hypocretin in maintaining wakefulness is well established, particularly in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), where loss of hypocretin neurons leads to excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeilstein J Org Chem
August 2025
Department of Natural Sciences and Sustainable Resources, Institute of Organic Chemistry, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
Nonreducing disaccharides are prevalent in non-mammalian glycans and glycolipids, serving as pivotal structural components in mycobacterial glycans, microbial oligosaccharide and nucleoside antibiotics, as well as biologically active mimetics of bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). As integral components of PAMPs, 1,1'-linked disaccharide-containing biomolecules play important roles in host-pathogen interactions, cellular signaling, and pathogenesis. Accessing complex biomolecules containing nonreducing disaccharides is often hindered by difficulties in isolating them from natural sources, which can result in impure or degraded products, particularly when sensitive functional groups are involved.
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