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Reliable and reproducible measurement methods have been established, and reference values are used in almost all scientific disciplines. Knowledge of reference values is crucial to distinguish physiological from pathological processes and, therefore, subsequently, for the clinical management of patients. Image storage and documentation of measurements and normal findings should be part of quality assurance in imaging. This paper aims to review the published literature and provide current knowledge of sonographic measurements and reference values of the pancreas. Moreover, the role of clinical influencing factors such as age, gender, constitution, and ethnicity is also analyzed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2389-9085 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Med Inform
September 2025
Department of Radiology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Fucheng Road 30, Haidian District, Beijing, CN.
Background: Lateral malleolar avulsion fracture (LMAF) and subfibular ossicle (SFO) are distinct entities that both present as small bone fragments near the lateral malleolus on imaging, yet require different treatment strategies. Clinical and radiological differentiation is challenging, which can impede timely and precise management. On imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the diagnostic gold standard for differentiating LMAF from SFO, whereas radiological differentiation on computed tomography (CT) alone is challenging in routine practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurooncol
September 2025
Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
Rationale And Objectives: Double expression lymphoma (DEL) is an independent high-risk prognostic factor for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), and its diagnosis currently relies on invasive methods. This study first integrates radiomics and habitat radiomics features to enhance preoperative DEL status prediction models via intratumoral heterogeneity analysis.
Materials And Methods: Clinical, pathological, and MRI imaging data of 139 PCNSL patients from two independent centers were collected.
Pediatr Nephrol
September 2025
Pediatric Nephrology Department, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain.
Copeptin, a stable glycopeptide derived from the precursor of arginine vasopressin (AVP), has emerged as a valuable surrogate biomarker for AVP due to its stability and ease of measurement. This narrative review explores the physiological role of copeptin, its utility as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in different kidney diseases, and its clinical relevance in renal tubular disorders. The clinical application of copeptin as a diagnostic biomarker is best established in the differential diagnosis of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome (PPS), distinguishing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) from central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and primary polydipsia (PP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Orthop Trauma Surg
September 2025
Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
Background: Differentiating periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) from aseptic failure is challenging in total joint arthroplasty. To date, there is no consensus about the most accurate criteria to diagnose PJI. The current study compares common diagnostic PJI criteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cancer Res Clin Oncol
September 2025
Cancer Treatment and Nuclear Cardiology Department, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Background: High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is essential in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer. While Iridium-192 (Ir-192) is commonly used, its short half-life imposes logistical and financial constraints, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cobalt-60 (Co-60), with a longer half-life and lower operational costs, is a viable alternative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF