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The role of efficient fuel mixing and a stable flame holder is crucial in enhancing the performance and capabilities of scramjet engines for high-speed flight. The present research paper has tried to disclose the fuel mixing efficiency of 3-lobe annular nozzle on the mixing mechanism of the fuel jet behind the strut. In addition, using internal air jet flow for increasing the circulation strength and fuel mixing behind the strut is also examined in this study. Numerical simulation of the flow and fuel jet behind the strut is done to reveal the main physics related to the mechanism of fuel mixing inside the combustor with the proposed injection system. The results of our simulation show that using annular 3-lobe fuel jet improve the fuel mixing via production of the multiple vortex pairs within the combustor behind the strut. The use of internal air jet also enhances the fuel mixing efficiency up to 90% in combustor of scramjet engine.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75075-z | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
August 2025
General Atomics, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Mixing of the ablator material into the fuel of an inertial confinement fusion implosion reduces compression and enhances radiative losses, preventing ignition. We describe a novel use of charged-particle radiochemistry to measure the ablator mix in contact with the fusion hot spot. The capsule uses a graded Be-Cr layer to increase the confinement of the hot spot.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Anal Chem
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
This study examines the flue gas emissions originated from various fuel types used in the textile industries of Faisalabad, Pakistan, and their compliance with the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS), Pakistan. Data from 109 textile factories revealed significant emission variations based on fuel types. Natural gas was identified as an eco-friendly fuel, with emissions far below the PEQS limits (CO: 334.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem Lett
September 2025
Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
An operando X-ray absorption spectroscopic technique, which enables us to measure X-ray absorption spectra with a position resolution of submicrometers at increased temperatures while controlling atmospheres and passing an electrical current through the specimen, was developed. By applying this technique, the electrochemically active area in a porous LaSrCoO electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was experimentally and directly evaluated for the first time. The characteristic length of the active area was approximately 1 μm from the electrode-electrolyte interface under a cathodic overpotential of 140 mV at 873 K under 10 bar of (O), although the investigated electrode was thicker than 50 μm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Rec
September 2025
Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), PO Box 456, La Laguna, 38200, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España.
As energy demand increases and the need for sustainable solutions grows, fuel cells have emerged as a promising solution, capable of converting chemical energy into electricity in a clean and combustion-free process. This technology not only improves energy efficiency but also leads to significant emission reductions, paving the way for a cleaner future. Among the various fuel cell technologies, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been at the forefront (Abdelkareem et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
August 2025
College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China. Electronic address:
This research addresses the soot emission challenges of conventional internal combustion engines by incorporating Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) into alcohol-based fuel. In a constant volume combustion chamber, optical diagnostic methods were employed to examine the spray properties, combustion dynamics, and emission profiles of fuel mixtures with Fe-MOFs concentrations of 20 ppm, 40 ppm, and 60 ppm. Additionally, a BO-GPR algorithm was employed to predict emission outcomes.
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