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Purpose: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate (B-TUEP) are safe and effective treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Spinal anesthesia (SA) is widely used for endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) in place of general anesthesia (GA). We aimed to assess the impact of GA vs. SA on blood loss, postoperative course and functional outcomes after HoLEP and B-TUEP.
Methods: After propensity score matching, we analyzed data from 148 patients treated with EEP in our centre for symptomatic BPH. We recorded patient's characteristics, procedural data, type of anesthesia (SA vs. GA). Postoperatively we evaluated hemoglobin drop, catheterization time (CT), and length of hospital stay (LOS). Functional outcomes were evaluated with the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) at baseline and 3 months after surgery. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models tested the association between anesthesia type and EEP outcomes.
Results: After matching groups were comparable in terms of pre- and intra-operative variables. Of all, 111 (75%) patients were treated under SA. Haemoglobin drop was lower in GA compared to SA group (1 vs. 1.4 g/dL, p < 0.01). CT was shorter in the GA group (1 vs. 2 days, p = 0.01). Postoperative IPSS score was lower in GA group (4 vs. 8, p = 0.04). Multivariable linear regression models revealed that prostate volume (p = 0.01) and SA vs. GA (p = 0.01) were associated with higher haemoglobin drop, after accounting for age and use of anticoagulants/antiplatelets. Similarly, SA vs. GA (p = 0.02) and postoperative complications occurrence (p < 0.001) were associated with a longer LOS, after accounting for age, prostate volume and use of anticoagulants/antiplatelets.
Conclusion: EEP can be safely performed under both GA and SA. GA offers better outcomes in terms of perioperative bleeding and 3-month functional outcomes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-024-05271-z | DOI Listing |
World J Urol
September 2025
Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Cureus
August 2025
Department of Urology, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, GBR.
Next-generation Moses™ technology is a pulse modulation modality of the traditional holmium yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser and has been developed for use in both laser lithotripsy and prostate enucleation. In traditional holmium YAG lasers, the energy is delivered in a single continuous pulse, which can be less efficient in terms of stone fragmentation and tissue interaction. Moses technology, on the other hand, uses multiple, shorter pulses within a single laser firing cycle, which makes the energy delivery more controlled and effective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScand J Urol
September 2025
Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, MA, USA.
Objectives: This capacity and budget impact analysis considers implications of offering a more diversified benign prostate enlargement (BPE) surgical care offering from a healthcare payer perspective in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland.
Methods: A cohort simulation model compares 4-year treatment costs and capacity impact, including hospital bed-days and operating time, with Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) using MOSES™Technology, photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP) and Rezūm™ Water Vapour Therapy (WVTT). Current treatment choice is compared to a hypothetical scenario, where TURP-proportion is reduced to 50% and volumes of HoLEP, PVP and WVTT are increased.
Investig Clin Urol
September 2025
Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of Aquablation and Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), with emphasis on functional improvement, ejaculatory preservation, and perioperative safety.
Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from January 2023 to March 2024, excluding patients with follow-up shorter than 3 months. Propensity score matching was performed using age, prostate volume, and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
Int Urol Nephrol
August 2025
Department of Urology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Purpose: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition with an increasing prevalence that parallels aging. Surgical procedures involving removal of the prostate can lead to detection of incidental prostate cancer (iPCa). Following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), the incidence of such cases ranges from 5.
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