Deciphering the impact of aggregated autophagy-related genes TUBA1B and HSP90AA1 on colorectal cancer evolution: a single-cell sequencing study of the tumor microenvironment.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) playing a crucial role in its progression. Aggregated autophagy (AA) has been recognized as a factor that exacerbates CRC progression. This study aims to study the relationship between aggregated autophagy and CRC using single-cell sequencing techniques. Our goal is to explain the heterogeneity of the TME and to explore the potential for targeted personalized therapies.

Objective: To study the role of AA in CRC, we employed single-cell sequencing to discern distinct subpopulations within the TME. These subpopulations were characterized by their autophagy levels and further analyzed to identify specific biological processes and marker genes.

Results: Our study revealed significant correlations between immune factors and both clinical and biological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly in cells expressing TUBA1B and HSP90AA1. These immune factors were associated with T cell depletion, a reduction in protective factors, diminished efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and enhanced migration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), resulting in pronounced inflammation. In vitro experiments showd that silencing TUBA1B and HSP90AA1 using siRNA (Si-TUBA1B and Si-HSP90AA1) significantly reduced the expression of IL-6, IL-7, CXCL1, and CXCL2 and inhibition of tumor cell growth in Caco-2 and Colo-205 cell lines. This reduction led to a substantial alleviation of chronic inflammation and highlighted the heterogeneous nature of the TME.

Conclusion: This study marks an initial foray into understanding how AA-associated processes may potentiate the TME and weaken immune function. Our findings provide insights into the complex dynamics of the TME and highlight potential targets for therapeutic intervention, suggesting a key role for AA in the advancement of colorectal cancer.