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Background: Concussion education is recommended to increase concussion knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions. The Concussion Awareness Training Tool for Youth (CATT-Youth) is a 40-minute e-Learning module developed for high school-aged youth.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in concussion knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions in high school youth from Calgary, Canada, following completion of the CATT-Youth.
Methods: This study used a modified stepped-wedge trial design. High school classes were randomly assigned to an intervention (Ix) or delayed intervention (DIx) group. Ix group participants completed a pre-CATT survey immediately followed by the CATT-Youth, then a post-CATT survey 2 to 6 weeks later. DIx group participants completed two pre-CATT surveys 2 to 6 weeks apart, with the CATT-Youth completed immediately following the second pre-CATT, then a post-CATT survey 2 to 6 weeks later. The pre-/post-CATT survey encompassed 11 subtests evaluating concussion knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions. Independent mixed linear regression models were conducted to examine changes in scores for each subtest.
Results: Participants included 454 high school students: five Ix schools (16 classes, = 323) and two DIx schools (six classes, = 131). The CATT-Youth significantly increased general concussion knowledge, Ix δ = 0.546/8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.243, 0.849]), DIx δ = 0.728/8 (95% CI = [0.389, 1.106]), and beliefs about capabilities, Ix δ = 2.462/28 (95% CI = [1.086, 3.838]), DIx δ = 3.219/28 (95% CI = [1.594, 4.844]) for both groups. For some subtests, improvements were noted in the DIx group only.
Conclusion: The CATT-Youth module improved concussion knowledge and beliefs about capabilities for students in both groups. Future studies should explore the utility of the CATT-Youth in changing knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions in high school students.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10901981241263577 | DOI Listing |
J Sci Med Sport
August 2025
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre (HBMRC), Australian Catholic University, Australia. Electronic address:
Objectives: Sport-related concussions are a global health concern. Athletes consistently underreport sport-related concussions, and knowledge and attitudes about sport-related concussions vary between levels of sport competition and according to a range of factors. It is unclear how concussion knowledge and attitudes relate to reporting behaviours amongst community sport athletes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotrauma Rep
August 2025
Shepherd Center, Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Research on mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and its impact on young adults is limited, despite this being an important time in their lives to work toward independence and career development. We analyzed data on 663 persons aged 17-29 years old with mTBI (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol Res
September 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Purpose: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have a bidirectional, synergistic, and complicated relationship. Although it is difficult to definitively say that mTBI causes AUD, certain biological mechanisms that occur after trauma are also associated with hazardous alcohol use. Hazardous drinking is defined as any quantity or pattern of alcohol consumption that places people at risk for physical and/or psychological harm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Head Trauma Rehabil
August 2025
Author Affiliations: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Dr Silverberg); Rehabilitation Research Program, Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia (Dr Silverberg); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British C
This Special Communication summarizes how knowledge and clinical practice have evolved over the 40 years since the Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation's topical issue (volume 1, issue 2) on "Minor Head Injury." We review important insights from this 1986 issue and highlight how research since has refined our understanding of concussion/traumatic brain injury pathophysiology, recovery, and long-term effects. We also discuss shifts in terminology and outline how assessment and rehabilitation approaches have developed over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Promot Pract
August 2025
University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Fifty percent of athletes who suffer a concussion do not seek care for the injury, which leads to worse outcomes including more severe and numerous symptoms and prolonged recovery. Many organizations use annual education as a secondary injury-prevention strategy to improve athlete care-seeking, and subsequently, injury outcomes. However, these efforts have proven insufficient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF