Automated speed enforcement reduced vehicle speeds in school zones in Toronto: a prospective quasi-experimental study.

Background/aims: Vulnerable road user collisions are a leading cause of injury and death. Speed is the direct mechanism for pedestrian injury risk. We evaluate the effectiveness of automated speed enforcement (ASE) at reducing vehicle speeds in school zones.

Emergency department visits for concussion in children and youth by age, sex and material deprivation in Ontario, Canada, 2010-2020: a population-based study.

Background/aims: Concussion has been a topic of concern in Ontario, Canada, and elsewhere, and new research and guidelines are emerging. The association between material deprivation and emergency department (ED) visits for concussions is not well established, and many studies have focused on organised sports which may not be equally accessible. The objective of this study was to examine the association between material deprivation, age, sex and ED visits for concussions in children and youth (0-19).

Lay rescuer intervention in fatal drownings in Canada, 2010-2019: a population-based cross-sectional analysis.

Introduction: Despite evidence that immediate rescue and initiation of resuscitation plays a vital role in determining the outcome of a drowning person, research on lay rescuer interventions remains limited. We explored lay rescuer interventions in fatal drowning incidents in Canada and described the characteristics of lay rescuers who had a fatal outcome while attempting to rescue another person.

Methods: We reviewed all unintentional drowning deaths that occurred in Canada (2010-2019) identified by the Drowning Prevention Research Centre.

Is legislation effective in reducing risks of all-terrain vehicle-related injuries? A systematic review.

Background: Over decades, governments have enacted policies and legislation mandating strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injuries. We performed a systematic review to determine the efficacy of laws and policies in reducing these injuries.

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 20 articles from the peer-reviewed literature were systematically selected.

Risky driving behaviors at school drop-off across Canadian municipalities: Findings from the Child Active Transportation Safety and the Environment (CHASE) study.

Objectives: School drop-off times can result in high volumes of motor vehicle traffic and drivers may engage in risky behaviors that may put children at risk and inhibit active school transportation. The study objective is to examine the association between features of the roadway physical environment and the number of different risky driving behavior types around selected elementary schools in seven Canadian municipalities during morning drop-off times.

Methods: In this descriptive study research assistants in seven Canadian municipalities coded whether or not (yes/no) any of 9 types of risky driving behaviors were observed during morning school drop-off times and active transportation counts at 552 elementary schools.

The association of motivational factors with weight loss and treatment time in a publicly funded weight management clinic.

The objective of the study is to explore differences in weight loss (WL) and treatment time with having health, mobility, and/or aesthetics motivations for attempting WL. Data from 7540 adults with overweight or obesity who participated in a publicly funded weight management programme at the Wharton Medical Clinic were analysed. Patients' WL motivations were categorised into six groups: Health only; Health and Aesthetics; Health and Mobility; Health, Mobility and Aesthetics; No Health; and None.

Evidence-Informed Quality Indicators for Pediatric Trauma Care.

Importance: Despite the unique physiological characteristics and health care needs of pediatric trauma patients, there is a lack of quality indicators (QIs) based on pediatric-specific evidence to support quality improvement in this population.

Objective: To develop a consensus-based set of QIs for acute pediatric trauma care that considers evidence on effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness, equity, and caregiver perspectives and is applicable in pediatric and nonpediatric trauma centers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A modified Research and Development (RAND)/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) expert consensus study was conducted consisting of an online survey and a virtual workshop, led by an independent moderator.

Built environment change for injury prevention: insights from public health professionals across public health units in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Road-related injuries and deaths are among the most significant and avoidable public health problems in Canada. Modifications to the built environment (BE) can reduce injury rates for vulnerable road users (VRUs) and other priority populations who experience disproportionate risk. This paper highlights public health professionals' experiences working in injury prevention across Ontario public health units (PHUs) navigating barriers and facilitators to BE change.

Concussion Awareness Training Tool for Youth: Impact on Concussion Knowledge, Beliefs, and Reporting Intentions.

Background: Concussion education is recommended to increase concussion knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions. The Concussion Awareness Training Tool for Youth (CATT-Youth) is a 40-minute e-Learning module developed for high school-aged youth.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in concussion knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions in high school youth from Calgary, Canada, following completion of the CATT-Youth.

Vulnerable road user injury trends following the COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto, Canada: An interrupted time series analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic altered traffic patterns worldwide, potentially impacting pedestrian and bicyclists safety in urban areas. In Toronto, Canada, work from home policies, bicycle network expansion, and quiet streets were implemented to support walking and cycling. We examined pedestrian and bicyclist injury trends from 2012 to 2022, utilizing police-reported killed or severely injured (KSI), emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization data.

Child abuse and neglect during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple child health experts postulated that the stay-at-home orders would negatively impact child abuse and neglect.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child abuse and neglect in children ages 18 and under; and review author recommendations for future emergency lockdown procedures.

Methods: We completed a systematic search of articles across five databases.

Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations in Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Study Objective: Our primary objectives were to identify clinical practice guideline recommendations for children with acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presenting to an emergency department (ED), appraise their overall quality, and synthesize the quality of evidence and the strength of included recommendations.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and medical association websites from January 2012 to May 2023 for clinical practice guidelines with at least 1 recommendation targeting pediatric mTBI populations presenting to the ED within 48 hours of injury for any diagnostic or therapeutic intervention in the acute phase of care (ED and inhospital). Pairs of reviewers independently assessed overall clinical practice guideline quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool.

The Impact of Sex, Body Mass Index, Age, Exercise Type and Exercise Duration on Interstitial Glucose Levels during Exercise.

The impact of age, sex and body mass index on interstitial glucose levels as measured via continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during exercise in the healthy population is largely unexplored. We conducted a multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis on CGM data (Dexcom G6, 10 days) collected from 119 healthy exercising individuals using CGM with the following specified covariates: age; sex; BMI; exercise type and duration. Females had lower postexercise glycemia as compared with males (92 ± 18 vs.

Road safety, health equity, and the built environment: perspectives of transport and injury prevention professionals in five Canadian municipalities.

Background: Concerns regarding health equity (HE) and the built environment (BE) are well established in the Canadian urban context. Transport and injury prevention professionals across sectors, such as transportation and public health, are involved in designing and implementing BE interventions that enhance the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs). Results from a larger study examining barriers and facilitators to BE change are used to illustrate how transport and injury prevention professionals perceive HE concerns in their work in five Canadian municipalities.

Blame attribution analysis of police motor vehicle collision reports involving child bicyclists.

Background: Injuries resulting from collisions between a bicyclist and driver are preventable and have high economic, personal and societal costs. Studying the language choices used by police officers to describe factors responsible for child bicyclist-motor vehicle collisions may help shift prevention efforts away from vulnerable road users to motorists and the environment. The overall aim was to investigate how police officers attribute blame in child (≤18 years) bicycle-motor vehicle collision scenarios.

Between paradigms: Comparing experiences for adolescents treated at pediatric and adult trauma centres.

Introduction: Injured adolescents may be treated at pediatric trauma centres (PTCs) or adult trauma centres (ATCs). Patient and parent experiences are an integral component of high-quality health care and can influence patient clinical trajectory. Despite this knowledge, there is little research on differences between PTCs and ATCs with respect to patient and caregiver-reported experience.

Association Between First Attempt Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test and Days to Recovery in 855 Children With Sport-Related Concussion: A Historical Cohort Study and Prognostic Factors Analysis.

Objective: Little is known about the prognostic value of the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) after the acute phase of sport-related concussion (SRC). We examined the added prognostic value of the BCTT performed 10 to 21 days after SRC in children, in addition to participant, injury, and clinical process characteristics on days to recovery.

Design: Historical clinical cohort study.

Cortical and cerebellar structural correlates of cognitive-motor integration performance in females with and without persistent concussion symptoms.

Introduction: Fifteen percent of individuals who sustain a concussion develop persistent concussion symptoms (PCS). Recent literature has demonstrated atrophy of the frontal, parietal, and cerebellar regions following acute concussive injury. The frontoparietal-cerebellar network is essential for the performance of visuomotor transformation tasks requiring cognitive-motor integration (CMI), important for daily function.

Modelling prevalent cardiovascular disease in an urban Indigenous population.

Objective: Studies have highlighted the inequities between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations with respect to the burden of cardiovascular disease and prevalence of predisposing risks resulting from historical and ongoing impacts of colonization. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) within and specific to the Indigenous peoples living in Toronto, Ontario, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the resulting model in a similar population.

Methods: The Our Health Counts Toronto study measured the baseline health of Indigenous community members living in Toronto, Canada, using respondent-driven sampling.

Sex-related differences in sternocleidomastoid muscle morphology in healthy young adults: A cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging measurement study.

Background: Changes in sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume may contribute to neck-related concussion symptoms and whiplash-associated disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data on healthy SCM morphology can provide information that may lead to targeted treatment protocols.

Objectives: To examine sex-related differences in MRI-based SCM CSA, SCM volume and neck area in healthy young adults, to analyze associations between measurements and participant variables and to assess inter-rater reliability for measurement quantification.