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In this work, we unveil a novel, to the best of our knowledge, AI-based design method (AIDN1) specifically developed for photonic crystal resonator designs, capable of handling complex designs with over 10 degrees of freedom (DoFs) and considering practical fabrication uncertainties to minimize the common simulation-to-reality (sim2real) gap. Especially, we introduce an ultrashort (<5 µm) curved nanobeam resonator, which obtains an ultrahigh theoretical quality factor (Q-factor) of 2 × 10 and maintains a theoretical Q-factor above 10 even under high fabrication variations. Importantly, we emphasize that AIDN1 is generalizable and our work serves as a solid foundation for future laser fabrication endeavors beyond the realm of ultrashort 1D photonic crystal (PhC) resonators.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.531776 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
August 2025
The University of Tokyo, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
Hopfions-higher-dimensional topological quasiparticles with sophisticated 3D knotted spin textures discovered in condensed matter and photonic systems-show promise in high-density data storage and transfer. Here, we present crystalline structures of hopfions lying in space-time constructed by spatiotemporally structured light. Practical methodologies using bichromatic structured light beams or dipole arrays to assemble 1D and higher dimensional hopfion lattices are proposed, and a technique for tailoring topological orders is elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
August 2025
Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, JLU Region, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Changchun 130012, China.
Exceptional rings (ERs) are high-dimensional non-Hermitian topologies formed by exceptional points, significantly enriching the topological properties of non-Hermitian systems. Because of the intricate topology and symmetry requirements, the realization of ERs generally demands complex structures and precise parameter tuning, resulting in relatively few experimental observations in high-dimensional periodic systems. Here, we show that even the simplest 1D non-Hermitian periodic systems can support multiple ERs, enabled by the system's multiple degrees of freedom which naturally accommodate diverse non-Hermitian perturbations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
August 2025
Okayama University, Department of Physics, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
The doped topological insulator Cu_{x}Bi_{2}Se_{3} has attracted considerable attention as a new platform for studying novel properties of spin-triplet and topological superconductivity. In this work, we performed synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements on Cu_{x}Bi_{2}Se_{3} (0.24≤x≤0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
August 2025
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Photonic crystals are artificial materials characterized by a photonic band structure that governs the propagation of light waves. The photonic gap was originally introduced to inhibit spontaneous emission and facilitate photon localization. In this essay, I will highlight how, despite the established understanding of photonic crystals, they remain highly relevant today.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
September 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.
Achieving high performance nanoscale photonic functionalities remains extraordinarily challenging when using naturally derived biomaterials. The ability to manipulate ultrathin films of structural proteins─combined with photolithographic control of their polymorphism─unlocks a compelling route toward engineering biopolymer-based photonic crystals with precisely defined photonic bandgaps and reconfigurable structural colors. In this work, we describe a robust, water-based fabrication process for silk/inorganic hybrid one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals that overcomes many of the conventional difficulties in ensuring reproducibility, uniformity, and reliability at the nanoscale.
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